Burnt Cork and Tambourines

Brown's Burnt Cork Activity

ABELL’S (BOB) MINSTRELS: were started from Pawtucket, R. I., and gave their first show at Providence, May 1, 1867. Charles Greene, bones; Charles Coggeshall, tambo; and Bob Abell, interlocutor.

AEOLIAN MINSTRELS: under J. W. Allinson’s management, and consisting off T. Gettings, A. S. Remington, E. West, J. Norrie, N. Kelly, W. Parsons, F. Schaffer, T. Deverell, O. P. Perry, H. Schindler, J. Arnold, J. Van Muse and P. Cary, were playing in New Orleans up to February 25, 1865, when they sailed for Ship Island and opened there March 2 for two nights. They went thence to Mobile Bay and performed under canvas at Navy Cove. The soldiers cut and slashed the tent nearly to pieces. That night they proceeded to sea, arriving at Warrington Navy Yard, Pensacola Bay, where they performed in Temperance Hall to crowded audiences, they being the first show there during the war. On March 27, they sailed for Matamoras, Mexico.

AEOLIAN STAR TROUPE: was organized in Albany, N.Y., June 26, 1860, with D. H. Johnson, William Gaveline, E. S. Near, L. Norton, J. Harris, S. Falline, Master Edward, T. Batchellor, Master Rourck and William Rogers.

AEOLIANS: organized in Philadelphia in the fall of 1867 for a traveling tour. The party consisted of: J. N. Reber, A. K. Harding (afterwards known as Add Collins), J. W. Reber, A. S. Whiteman, Master Hughey, jig; Mike McGraw, G. W. Lollor, and J. Collins, agent. They closed in New Brunswick, N. J., April 24, 1869.

AFRICAN MINSTRELS: was the title of a band of minstrels performing at the Bowery Theatre, New York, in April, 1843.

ALABAMA MINSTRELS AND NIGHTINGALE SERENADERS: was organized in Hartford, Conn., in October, 1859. M. B. Levitt, bones; G. W. Florence, banjo; C. Peer, violin; J. Neal, guitar; Frank Smith, tambo; W. T. Wright, H. Irving and Master L. Levi.

ALABAMA MINSTRELS: a colored troupe under the direction of A. R. Garrison, commenced a tour on November 13, 1876. Toddy Hedden, tambo; George Brookes, banjo; and Ferd Hight, director.

ALABAMA MINSTRELS: traveled through the East a brief time and disbanded in Boston in September, 1859.

ALABAMA SERENADERS: started. from Buffalo, N. Y., February 21, 1876, for a trip through Canada. Ike Booth, Billy Mack, Charles Harcourt, Charles Belden, Fred Sharpley, Chauncey Olcott, J. P. Welbert, John Hanley, Dixon and Udell. This company only lasted three days.

ALABAMA SLAVES: See MOCKING BIRD MINSTRELS.

ALBINO MINSTRELS: [formerly the SKIFF & GAYLORD party] In February, 1871, the company appeared in the first part in white clothes, white faces and blonde wigs. Harry Talbott, Johnny Stiles, Tyrrell, Bideaux, Girard, and Andy McKee. The Skiff & Gaylord title was resumed for the next season and the company consisted of Low Gaylord, director; Prof. Olney, musical director; A. Holmes, stage manager; John Stiles, James Dalton, Frank Carroll, Joe Mairs, Add Collins, Willie Gaylord and Sam Lang. They made an extensive tour through the West and the South. The next season the company consisted of: Frank Carroll, John Stiles, Al Holmes, Low Gaylord, J. E. Green, Dan Gilfoil, the Morris Bros., Willie Gaylord. Low Gaylord was sole proprietor. In 1874 Gaylord’s health began to fail and his troupe suspended operations, except for a short time when they visited small towns of Pennsylvania. They closed April 1. 1876, but reorganized and started from Columbia, Pa., August 14 and collapsed in two weeks.

ALHAMBRA MINSTRELS: was a new party made up by Thomas Maguire to open at the Alhambra Theatre, San Francisco, when Simmons and Slocum had closed their engagement there. Rickey, Add Ryman, Cool Burgess, Sweatnam, Bob Hart, M. Ainsley Scott, Charles Sutton, J. G. Russell, Delehanty, and Hengler were in the party who opened August 5, 1872. Emerson having sold out his interest in the place to Maguire, the band was called Maguire’s California Minstrels until December, 1872, when the old name of Emerson’s Minstrels was used, Billy Emerson having returned and opened November 25. On December 9 the Worrell Sisters and Lillie Hall appeared in burlesque and Jenny Worrell in song and dance. The season closed January 19, 1873, and the party went traveling. They re-appeared at the Alhambra February 3, 1873. Add Ryman closed March 19. Charles Vivian opened April 7, followed by Kelly and Leon and Master Barney, who appeared May 5. Emerson disposed of his interest in the theatre in May, when Maguire became sole proprietor and the band was called MAGUIRE’S CALIFORNIA MINSTRELS. In June, 1873, a company was made up from this party and sent into the interior for a tour. In the troupe were Sam Rickey, Bob Hart, Little Mack, Master Barney, Justin Robinson, and J. G. Russell. Frank Morgan and Billy Manning opened June 30 with the company in San Francisco; and the party that had been out traveling returned and opened the same date. Billy Sweatnam opened July 28, 1873. Owing to bad business the season closed September 7 and the party started on a tour, opening in Sacramento, September 8 with Kelly, Leon, Manning, Sweatnam, Little Mac, Welch, and Rice in the party. They re-appeared at the Alhambra October 20 with Sweatnam, Little Mac, Manning, Robert Frazer, John Robinson, Charles Reed, Welch, Rice, J. G. Russell, W. F. Bake, B. Montague, D. I. Sherwood, Esther Williams, and orchestra. On February 23, 1874, they opened Maguire’s Opera House, San Francisco. In April, Manning seceded from the company, who went traveling. They re-appeared in San Francisco, May 11, at the Opera House. Bobby Newcomb opened May 18. Canfield and Booker opened January 18, 1875. Their season closed April 17. They opened at Hooley’s Opera House, Chicago, May 3 with Arlington, Cotton, Billy Rice, Emerson, Little Mac, John Oberist, Kemble, J. G. Russell, Norcross (Norrie), Con Murphy, and others. This party opened in New York at the Park Theatre, May 31, 1875. On September 25 they appeared in Chicago. Tilla, Mackin, Wilson, and James Morrison left on that date and Charles Sutton, Marrchette, Jennings, Charles Henry, C. S. Fredericks and John Oberist opened. The company then split up and a portion went to Detroit, opening on September 30. This company, then under the management of J. H. Haverly, closed in Chicago, January 1, 1876, and went traveling. They re-appeared in Chicago at Hooley’s Opera House, June 24. Pat Rooney, Schoolcraft, George Coes, and Charles Howard joined on the opening night. On August 21, 1876, this party opened at Haverly’s (previously known as Hooley’s) Opera House. Emerson, Schoolcraft, Coes, Ben Cotton, Sanford, Wilson, Scanlon, Cronin, J. G. Russell, Ernest Linden, W. H. Tilla, C. S. Fredericks, R. Tyrrell, Oberist, and James Morrison. A re-organization was made in November for a Western tour under the management of Haverly and Maguire. Beaumont, Read, Savori, and others were added. They opened in Milwaukee, November 20. They closed the traveling season at Washington, D. C., December 13, 1876. A new company was then organized, which opened in Ottawa, Ill., February 26, 1877 with Fredericks, Oberist, Heywood, Morton, Lester and Williams. Billy Emerson, Karl Steele, Fredericks, Nat Horner, and Wash Norton left Chicago April 15 for San Francisco and opened at the Opera House, Bush Street, April 23. Arlington left the company October 16 for a lecturing tour. The band appeared in New York, January 14, 1878, at the Olympic Theatre. Emerson, Schoolcraft, Coes, Charles Heywood, J. W. Mack, Quilter, Goldrich and others. Their stay there was a very short one and a new party was organized, which started out February 25 under the business direction of J. H. Mack. Emerson, Smith, Waldron, Morton, Martin (the Big Four), and C. Heywood. The season closed in Buffalo, June 15. On August 26 they appeared in Philadelphia with R. Abecco in the party.

ALLEN & PETTENGILL’S MINSTRELS: [formerly ALLEN, PETTENGILL, DELEHANTY & HENGLER’S] opened in New York at Bryant’s Opera House, Fourteenth Street, June 6, 1870. There were thirteen in the first part---four end men consisting of Johnny Allen and Fayette Welch, tambos; Walter Bray and George Edwards, bones. Frank Girard was middleman. Gustave Bideaux, R. T. Tyrrell and Cox were in the party. In consequence of illness, Charley Pettengill did not appear. They closed there June 18.

ALLEN, HART & RYMAN: with a minstrel organization under their management, consisting of Johnny Allen, Add Ryman, John Hart, Abecco, Sanford, Wilson, Lester and others, opened April 6, 1874, at Tony Pastor’s Opera House, New York. They closed May 2 and the firm dissolved.

ALLEN, PETTENGILL, DELEHANTY & HENGLER’S MINSTRELS: opened September 22, 1869, in Brooklyn, N. Y. George M. Bassett was middleman, and Charles Church, tenor. C. B. Griste started with the company as advance agent, but in consequence of a reduction of salaries Mr. Griste left and his place was taken by H. J. Sargent. This company opened in New York at the Waverly Theatre (formerly Kelly & Leon’s) November 29, 1869. Gustave Bideaux was in the party then. They closed there January 1, 1870, and opened at the Tammany Music Hall, New York, giving a “first part” January 3 in the burlesque of “Bad Dickey.” They remained there four weeks, closing January 29 and opening in Boston January 31 at the Olympic Theatre, where they closed February 12. Then Delehanty and Hengler withdrew and the company was called ALLEN & PETTENGILL’S.

ALLEN’S (HARRY) MINSTRELS: opened December 9, 1872, in Milwaukee, Wis. Harry Allen, George Burgess, Billy Welch, Johnny Rice, Chris Mathews, John Larkeller, Charles De Von, S. H. Montgomery, and Charles de St. Clair.

AMAZONS: See FOSTER’S MINSTRELS.

ANDERSON’S MINSTRELS: were organized for a tour through the East while the Melodeon in Boston was being fitted up for them. They started on October 12, 1859. After a few weeks tour they laid up, the Melodeon not being ready. On December 12, they opened the Melodeon with Frank Brower, E. Bowers, Donniker, Bideaux, Warren White, G. Kelly, Unsworth, Hen Smith, Master Peel, Master James Sanford, Herr Endes, J. Stratton, J. S. Budworth and Max Irwin. The Melodeon was situated on Washington Street adjoining the Boston Theatre. After performing at the Melodeon five weeks and four days, they disbanded. Most of the company came to New York and a portion of them re-opened the hall January 20; but on the opening night no performance was given, as several of the party refused to play and the audience were dismissed. There was too much style about this party to last. Anderson, like Sniffen, was “in the hands of his friends” and he promised too high salaries for his or their own good.

AREND, LEVI & THOMPSON’S AMERICAN OPERA TROUPE: was organized in Albany, Ga., in January, 1860, and made a South American tour. George Schultz, Matt Thompson, William Dunn, Francis Williams, Thomas Arend, and O. W. Harris.

ARLINGTON & DONNIKER’S MINSTRELS: organized in July, 1862, with the following: William Arlington and J. B. Donniker, proprietors; Master Leon, Edwin Kelly, S. Price, W. H. Brockway, C. Newton, H. Butler, J. H. Dale, O. H. Carter, Master Frank Dumont, V. B. Bummell, and Charles Wood, business manager. After traveling for a while, they concluded to locate in Chicago; and, after going to an expense of about $300 fitting up Kingsbury Hall, collapsed (owing to a disagreement in the company) in November.

ARLINGTON, COTTON & KEMBLE’S: See ARLINGTON’S MINSTRELS.

ARLINGTON, LEON & DONNIKER’S: Edwin Kelly, Jones, Leon, Arlington, and Donniker were the managers. The party consisted of Arlington, Donniker, Leon, Kelly, Albert Jones, Sam Gardner, William Spalding, Sam Price, Frank Cardella, Frank Shorer, and James Granville. They opened in Cincinnati at Smith & Ditson’s Hall, December, 1862. After a lengthy stay in Chicago, Ill., they closed in July, 1863, and their hall was rejuvenated. They made a short traveling tour and then returned to Chicago and opened November 16, at Metropolitan Hall. In December, 1863, they took possession of a new hall located on Washington Street, between Clark and Dearborn, Chicago, which they opened December 21. George Wrightman was added to the company. On November 20, 1864, Arlington sold out his interest in the firm and withdrew from the company. Kelly & Leon then became managers, and continued in Chicago until March, 1865, when they made a brief tour. They shortly after returned to Chicago, where they once more located for some time. Arlington returned to this party shortly after and the company was once more known as ARLINGTON, LEON & CO. But in October, 1865, Arlington again suddenly withdrew. The party continued under the title of Kelly & Leon’s Minstrels, and remained in Cincinnati, Ohio, at the Academy of Music (situated on Fourth Street, between Elm and Plum Streets), which was destroyed by fire January 12, 1866.

ARLINGTON’S MINSTRELS: was a new band that opened in Chicago on April 23, 1867, at a hall on Washington Street, between Clark and La Salle Streets, opposite the Court House. Arlington and C. Pettengill were the end men; with W. A. Johnson, interlocutor; J. Barsby, J. W. Hilton, H. Voss, C. Norrie, R. Snyder, J. Mack, M. Lewis, Master George, J. Ricci, Billy Barry, J. Augustus, F. Freeburg, and E. Warden. On July 15 they left for a brief traveling tour, with McAndrews and Arlington on the ends; Johnson, middle man; Jackson, Hilton, Ricci, and Barsby as the quartette. They re-opened in Chicago under the management of J. Haverly, September 6, 1867, with Johnny Booker, Samuel Gardner, N. D. W. Ainsworth, R. J. Tooke, Billy Barry, W. C. Emmons, H. Fuller, Thomas Roberts, Voss, T. Warhurst, H. Stuart, Barsby, Charles Koehl, G. W. Jackson, J. R. Russey, J. Bagar, C. H. Simpson, J. Bunnell, J. T. Clayton, and Arlington. They closed November 30 and went traveling. Haverly then secured Witowski’s Hall, corner of Clark and Monroe Streets, Chicago, and commenced fitting it up as a minstrel hall in April, 1868, which he opened with Arlington’s Minstrels, May 12. Arlington, Cool Burgess, Charley Reynolds, O. P. Sweet, C. S. Fredericks, Otis Carter, Sig. Brandisi, Blakely, Russy, Voss, Kalis, Stanton, Ainsworth Brooks, Eugene Florence (wench), and Mike Kannane. On July 7 they went to Wood’s Museum, Chicago. Delehanty and Hengler joined the party and Sam Price took the bone end. J. Haverly sold out his interest in Arlington Hall to Sam Sharpley in October, 1868. The company closed November 7 and Haverly withdrew from the company. Arlington reorganized and opened December 4 with Sam Price as bones; Arlington, tambo; T. L. Estrange, D. L. Morris, and others. Ed Gooding joined the party April 26, 1869. They closed their season traveling, June 3. 1869, and commenced the next season on November 22, 1869, at Lincoln, Neb. Johnny Booker joined them January 28, 1870. Billy Arlington, whose right name was Burnell, was a first class comedian and made funny speeches.

ARLINGTON’S MINSTRELS: was a new organization that opened the West Side Opera House, Chicago, Ill. (formerly known as Rice & Jackson’s Hall), November 27, 1871, under the management of Sam Myers. In the company were: Billy Arlington, Billy Reeves, Sam Price, Clark Gibbs, Johnny Booker, G. W. Mills, Morton, Manning, William Scott, A. W. Hamilton, John Stout, Walter Phillips, Horace Bontwell, and John Buel. This party was shortly after known as ARLINGTON, COTTON & KEMBLE’S. Harrigan and Hart appeared with this party in April, 1872. This party inaugurated Myer’s New Opera House on Monroe Street, between State and Dearborn Streets, Chicago, on September 23, 1872. Arlington, Cotton, Kemble, Surridge, E. M. Kane; J. A. Lang, Hunneman, and C. Fostelle were in the party. The season closed May 3, 1873, and they went traveling. They commenced their next season in Chicago on August 25, 1873, with Sam Myers as manager. Kemble, Cotton, Arlington, Billy Rice, E. M. Kane, Surridge, John Lacy, R. T. Tyrrell, Mackin, Wilson, Bobby Newcomb, C. S. Fredericks, John Davis, Ernest Linden, and Master G. Davenport. The season closed May 16, 1874, and they traveled.

ASSOCIATED ARTISTS: made up from Kelly & Leon’s Minstrel Band, went through the West in September, 1866. The end men were Price and Williams; W. H. Brockway, middle man; and Dan Collins was of the party.

AUSTIN’S (CHARLES) MINSTRELS: started on the road March 4, 1870, and consisted of Tyrilla, female gymnast; Charles Austin, J. G. H. Shorey, Charles La Forrest, Thomas Presho, E. S. Austin, Fred Hoffmeister, Harry Norton, Albert Nix, J. S. Norton, Oliver White. and Harry Metcalf.

BACKUS’ (CHARLEY) ORIGINAL MINSTRELS: organized in San Francisco, Cal., in the summer of 1854 and appeared at San Francisco Hall, Washington Street, between Montgomery and Kearney Streets with C. D. Abbott, musical director; O. N. Burbank, stage manager; H. Donnelly, D. F. Boley, Backus, J. N. White, Morgan. They took a trip to Australia in 1855. Prior to their departure, a benefit was given them by the San Francisco Minstrels, August 3, at the Metropolitan Theatre. Mitchell and Burbank, the rival dancers, appeared. There appeared in the first part S. C. Campbell, Jerry Bryant, Stadtfeld, D. F. Boley, Eph Horn, and W. M. Barker, besides the instrumentalists, in the second part J. Collins, George Coes, C. Backus and Mrs. Julia Collins (Julia Gould). In July, 1856, the party returned to San Francisco and opened at San Francisco Hall, Sunday evening, July 6, 1856, a portion of the San Francisco Minstrels being added to the party, which then consisted of Billy Birch, E. Deaves, Max Zorer, Charles Henry, Napier Lothian, Sam Wells, M. Lewis, George Coes, S. C. Campbell, Charles Backus, W. D. Corrister, and Jerry Bryant. They continued there for some time very successfully and afterwards went to Maguire’s New Opera House, where in January, 1857, Hiram W. Franklin, the gymnast, joined them. In March, 1858, they made a tour of the mountain towns with Zorer, Mitchell, Wells, Campbell, C. Henry, Coes and Kelly. On February 28, 1864, Backus joined the EUREKA MINSTRELS. He became manager of BIRCH, WAMBOLD & BACKUS’ MINSTRELS, who opened in Eureka Hall, September 15, 1864, and shortly after went to the Academy of Music, San Francisco, and continued there until March, 1865. Then Backus, Birch, Wambold and W. H. Bernard sailed for New York and arrived April 5. The San Francisco Minstrels, organized by these gentlemen, opened at 585 Broadway, formerly Buckley’s Hall, opposite Niblo’s Garden. The place had been called the New Olympic Theatre (F. S. Chanfrau, manager), the Academy of the Drama, the Metropolitan Music Hall, Hooley & Campbell’s Minstrel Hall, the German Theatre, the Canterbury, Palace of Mirrors, the Broadway Theatre, St. Nicholas Hall, Heller’s Salon Diabolique, and finally, this unlucky house was called San Francisco Minstrels’ Hall. The company consisted of Billy Birch, Charley Backus, W. H. Bernard, David S. Wambold, Cooper and Fields, W. S. Mullaly, Richard Sands, E. Haslam, Hays, Shattuck, W. H. Rice, J. B. Donniker, Ainsley Scott, and Templeton. They opened here May 8, 1865, and the first season closed July 7, 1866. The second season commenced August 12, 1867, and closed June 27, 1868. Their next season commenced August 31, 1668, and closed June 12, 1869. Their next season opened August 30, 1869, and closed May 14, 1870. Bobby Newcomb, Lew Brimmer, Joe Brown, Harry Raynor, Billy Emmett, John Queen, Ira Paine, William West, Leggett and Allen, Henry Norman (first appearance in America), Rollin Howard, and Master Fink at different times appeared. The “boys” next appeared at Apollo Hall, North side of Twenty-eighth Street (now a portion of the Fifth Avenue Theatre). It was also known as the St. James Theatre. Bernard had withdrawn from the firm when they closed at 585 Broadway. They opened here August 26, 1872. They closed March 1, 1873, and went on the road for the summer. A large billiard hall in the Gilsey Building, on the west side of Broadway, between Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Streets, was re-constructed for the San Francisco Minstrels and they opened September 3, 1874, and called it The San Francisco Hall. They continued here for six years, closing April 4, 1880. Wambold retired from the company the closing night. Birch put his money into Wall Street and lost it all. During the summer of 1882, Backus visited Europe and performed with MOORE & BURGESS’ MINSTRELS.

BARLOW BROS.’ MINSTRELS: organized in Cincinnati, Ohio, and opened in Cynthiana, Ky., on April 10, 1877. Archie White and Charles W. Young were the principal cards of the company.

BARLOW, WILSON, PRIMROSE & WEST’S MINSTRELS: gave their first public entertainment at Wilmington, Del., August 20, 1877. The company consisted of Milt G. Barlow, manager and end man; George Wilson, end; James W. Lamont, stage manager; Gus Herwig, leader; Carl Rudolph, vocal director; George H. Primrose and William H. West, song and dance and clog; E. M. Hall, banjoist; Harry Percy, Frank E. Jamison, Lamont, Stout and Rudolph, the quintette; an orchestra and brass band. Charles B. Griste, advance agent. In May, 1878, Eddie Fox joined. The season closed June 8. They reorganized and opened August 12, 1878, at Reading, Pa., with Edwin French, Eddie Fox, Jacob Koenig, D. R. Hawkins, Edwin Harley, Frank Howard and W. H. Hunt, with the four proprietors and an orchestra.

BELER, POSTLETHWAITE & CO.’S CAMPBELLS: was organized in 1859 for a tour in the West. Pell, Talbot, Durant, Beler and Haywood were in the party. They were afterwards known as FRANK BELER’S CAMPBELL’S, and in June, 1859, were traveling in Iowa, with Harry Peel, C. Haynes, banjo; W. F. Durant, J. V. Chadduck, A. J. Talbot, and P. Hayward. They closed their season in August, 1859, but soon after reorganized under the name of BELER’S CAMPBELL’S; but shortly after they were known as DURANT & HAYWOOD’S CAMPBELLS, with A. J. Talbot, Fred J. Henneman, E. J. Melville, Frank Howard, W. F. Durant, W. Hayward, and Master Willie. They started from St. Louis, Mo., in April and disbanded July 19 at Michigan City. They reorganized September 12 and opened at Witkowsky Hall, Chicago. In April, 1861, this party was called POSTLETHWAITE’S MINSTRELS and traveled West. John Boyce, J. W. Postlethwaite, Chadduck, Herr Kellerman; Charlie Petrie, bones; E. D. Gooding, Victor Mauger, A. Hoffman, P. Osterman, Master Willie, and Mons. Pepples.

BELER’S CAMPBELL’S: See BELER, POSTLETHWAITE & CO.’S CAMPBELLS.

BELFAST ETHIOPIANS: were organized in Belfast, Me., in March, 1861, where they opened March 31. J. H. Harmer, J. H. Trussell, Ned Lindsey, Master J. Wheeler, J. O’Connell, and George Dyer.

BELROY’S ETHIOPIANS: [formerly WOOD’S ETHIOPIAN TROUPE] opened March 6, 1861, in Hempstead, L. I., with J. Lewis, J. Belroy, tambo; W. Zeville, middle man; Master Ward, Ferdinand Wallace, William Colson Burgess, R. B. Donnique, B. E. Wood, C. A. Edwards, C. Clifton, George Dodge and A. B. Sanders.

BELROY’S ETHIOPIANS: See WOOD’S ETHIOPIAN TROUPE.

BENEDICT’S (LEW) MINSTRELS: started out under the management of Joseph E. Jackson of Philadelphia and gave their first performance September 21, 1876. In the company were Lew Benedict and Charles Lord, end men; Theodore Jackson, interlocutor; J. A. Barney, John Stout, T. B. Dixon, Charles E. Dobson, John Hogan, Adams, and Lee. They closed December 30, 1876. Lew Benedict was a good end man. His pathetic ballads in the olio were a feature of his entertainment.

BENJAMIN’S NEW ORLEANS MINSTRELS: consisting of Hank Goodman, Tom O’Neil, W. Converse, Mayette, Manning, L. P. Benjamin, J. Gaston, Maude Stanley, Walter Wentworth, and Mrs. Gaston, pianist. They opened in Kansas City, May 4, 1868. In May, 1869, they disbanded during the warm weather and reorganized August, 1869. Another re-organization was made in November, 1871, and the party consisted of J. Rainey, Frank West, Miss Maude Stanley, Hank Goodman, Johnny Keegan, Tommy O’Neil, and Nellie Gaston, pianist.

BENJAMIN’S NEW ORLEANS MINSTRELS: started early in April, 1874, on a traveling tour with N. B. Shimer, F. B. Church, Maud Stanley, Nellie Gaston, Charles King, Joe Gaston, Henry Pfaff, Walter Wentworth, F. P. Benjamin, Sheridan, and George W. Stuart. They closed the season October 17, 1874; but reorganized the following week and started on a tour through the East. In January, 1876, this company was under the management of J. H. Haverly with William Foote as business manager. Ben Brown, Hank Goodman, Frank West, N. B. Shimer, Joe Gorton, L. P. Benjamin, Otis H. Carter and others were in the company.

BERNARD & LAMONT: formed a minstrel party in Chicago, Ill., in October, 1865, for a trip down the Mississippi River. In the party were Marie Stella, Louise Harris, Louis Lamont, W. H. Hardenberg, and Master Willie Morris.

BIRCH, BOWERS & CO.’S MINSTRELS: were organized in New York February, 1859, and went traveling, opening in New Haven, Conn., February 21. Billy Birch, E. Bowers, Ned Davis, and J. B. Donniker were in the party. A difficulty occurring, Bowers withdrew in April and returned to New York. A reorganization took place and the party was made up from the Birch & Brower and Sniffen’s party, who had just closed at 444 Broadway, New York. They started on a tour through Canada under the title of BIRCH & DONNIKER’S MINSTRELS.

BIRCH, BOWERS & FOX’S MINSTRELS: organized for a traveling tour in 1857 and John T. Boyce was one of the party. Later, they opened in St. Louis, Mo., at the Museum, September 6, 1858, where they located with Billy Birch, E. Bowers, C. H. Fox, J. T. Boyce, E. D. Gooding, G. Charles, J. Ritter, H. Fenton, R. Moore and J. V. Chadduck. They commenced a brief tour but soon returned to St. Louis, then disbanded Christmas night.

BIRCH & COTTON’S PARTY: were performing at Maguire’s Opera House, San Francisco, Cal., in June, 1862, with a party who also gave Sunday night performances at Hayes’ Park, that city. In July, Maguire’s party, with Birch, Backus, Joe Murphy, Ben Cotton, and others, went to Sacramento. They soon after made a trip through the country, returning to San Francisco in September and appeared at Maguire’s Opera House. During the same month, Birch, Cotton, George Coes, and others, left; and, October 4, Birch and Cotton opened in Sacramento, after which they made a tour of the country towns—Cotton, Birch, O’Neil, Peel, Sam Wells, and Abecco in the party. Returning to San Francisco, they appeared at Maguire’s Opera House, when Jenny and Alicia Mandeville and Harry Courtaine joined them. They closed at Maguire’s in March, 1863, and went traveling. W. M. Barker, F. H. Oldfield, A. Watterman, and W. Wasburg were added to the party. They re-opened in San Francisco on June 1, 1863, at the Eureka Theatre under Maguire’s management. Backus’ Minstrels, having returned to San Francisco from Hong Kong, China, June 14, 1863, appeared at the Eureka June 29 with the Birch and Cotton party, now called the SAN FRANCISCO MINSTRELS, for the benefit of Ben Cotton. Frank Hussey organized a party in San Francisco in September, 1862, consisting of Miss Lotta, Jake Wallace, A. P. Durand, and Ella Cadez, and made a trip to Oregon. BIRCH & COTTON, with Bideaux, Abecco, Ainsley, Scott, J. Bradshaw, M. Riley, T. J. Peel, C. Goodwin, M. Barker, Alf Parry, and C. V. Hand (agent) was a party made up in New York in April, 1862, for a trip to Australia; but the whole speculation was knocked in the head in consequence of some of the boys demanding advance money. A rupture followed and the company dissolved. Birch and Cotton sailed for California on May 24, 1862.

BIRCH & DONNIKER’S MINSTRELS: [See BIRCH, BOWERS & CO.’S MINSTRELS.] went to St. Louis, where a new opera house was built for them on the corner of Market and Fourth Streets, which they opened with J. Ritter, jig; Ben Cotton, J. B. Donniker, L. Conduit, J. T. Boyce, Master Boyce, J. Stratton and Pete Morris. The party soon after closed and Billy Birch and wife sailed for California, August 5, 1859.

BIRCH & MURPHY’S MINSTRELS: organized in San Francisco to travel through the state in February, 1860, with W. Birch, Joe Murphy, Sam Wells, Frank Medina, W. H. Smith, P. Sterling, and H. Williams.

BIRCH & SHARPLEY’S MINSTRELS: were organized in November, 1860. Billy Birch arrived home from California, July 16, 1860. The party consisted of Frank Brower, Billy Birch, Sam Sharpley, Morris Edmonds, Eugene Thiodon, William Villiers, Charles, Dupont, Williams, J. D. Payne, and William D. Spalding. They opened at Jayne’s Hall, Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, on November 19 and closed January 2, 1861. They then went traveling and opened in Reading, Pa., the same week. James Gaynor, Johnny Pierce, Dan Collins, Sam Sharpley, Thiodon, John Williams, James Lamoux, and Villiers were in the traveling party. They were known as SHARPLEY’S MINSTRELS when on this tour.

BIRCH & WELLS’ MINSTRELS: organized in San Francisco in March, 1860, and after traveling through the interior for six weeks opened at Maguire’s Opera House, San Francisco.

BIRCH’S MINSTRELS: traveled West and opened in Chicago in February, 1858. They shortly after located in St. Louis for a season with Billy Birch, W. Penn Lehr, S. Gardner, J. Williams, J. Mairs, Ben Mallory, J. T. Boyce, M. D. Edmonds, J. Cochran, K. Moore, Chet Moore, and G. M. Hill. They closed in St. Louis, May 22, 1858, and proceeded on board of Spalding & Rogers’ steamer, Banjo, up the Mississippi River to St. Paul, Minn., and thence to New Orleans. In July they took to the road through Missouri. J. A. Leonard, tragedian, appeared in a scene from “Damon and Pythias” to Birch’s Lucullus. They were playing to good business at the Forrest Theatre, San Francisco, Cal., in October, 1859. On the last night of their appearance they were all arrested for giving a performance on Sunday. They afterwards appeared at the Opera House under Maguire. Billy Birch, Sam Wells, George Coes, H. Donnelly, Charles Henry, J. W. Charles, E. Deaves, C. C. Keene, G. H. Edmunds, Mike Mitchell and Corrister were in the party. After taking a trip through the mountains, they returned to San Francisco in December. Under the direction of Billy Birch, they opened at the Athenaeum, San Francisco, April 22, 1860, with William Bernard, Frank Hussey, Frank Medina, Pete Sterling, W. H. Smith, E. H. Harvey, H. Williams, W. D. Corrister, E. Deaves, T. Bond, and P. Sterling. Late in May they started for a trip through the interior.

BISHOP & FLORENCE’S MINSTRELS: consisting of Mons. Movecio, Navoni, John Murphy, Henry Healy, E. P. Horoling, H. H. Baker, J. G. H. Shorey, George Williams, M. B. Leavitt, George Bishop, J. W. Horoling, Frank Dayton, Henry Florence, J. Myers, Frank Talbot, W. Clark, Henry S. Livingston, Charles Hewitt, James Stewart, R. A. Lindley, Billy Porter, and H. W. Springsteen were on the road in September, 1865. Leavitt and Porter had the ends. In October, 1865, Cooper & Decker became managers and reorganized for the winter.

BLACK BRIGADE, THE: was the title of a party organized in New York and opened April 4, 1864, at Poughkeepsie, N.Y. Dr. William P. Valentine and Erastus Conklin were proprietors.

BLACK HUTCHINSON FAMILY, THE: consisted of five male and three female vocal and instrumental performers. They appeared in New York on January 30, 1845, in chants, refrains, songs, choruses, glees, melodies and parodies.

BLAIR’S BAND: was a party that performed on a barge at the foot of Steamboat Wharf, Troy, N.Y., in June, 1854. They gave performances morning, afternoon and evening and, in addition to a minstrel performance, Old Grizzly Adams’ Menagerie was an attraction. In the company were Billy Blair (manager), E. A. Perrine, P. B. Hammond, Tom Vaughn, C. O. Neil, Mons. Covelli, W. Birch, and Mons. Valatin.

BLAKE & MALLORY’S MINSTRELS: with Augusta Blake, Maggie Nichols, Cora Chase, Emma Wadsworth, Dan Shelby, Charles Mallory, Miles O’Riley, Jim Riley, Frank Wild, Prof. Davenport, Cole, and Johnny Blake commenced a tour of New York State December 12, 1864. G. W. Mallory was manager. This party was combined with Haverly’s Minstrels late in December.

BOLEY’S MINSTRELS: were organized by D. F. Boley and left Australia in January, 1862, on a visit to the Maritius Islands. After a not very successful engagement they embarked for the Cape of Good Hope, but were wrecked off Cape St. Mary late in 1862. Mr. and Mrs. Boley and the children were lost, as was the entire troupe—a Mr. Robson being the only one saved from drowning. George W. Demerest, Charles L. Grew, W. White Lee, W. Robson, and Totten Arent were in the company.

BOOKER & CLAYTON’S GEORGIA MINSTRELS: real Negroes, opened October 9, 1865, in Detroit, Mich. Clayton, Thomas & Co., proprietors; Charles B. Hicks, manager. In November they were in the East. They commenced their second season September 3, 1866, at Chicago, Ill., with John W. Wilson, Willie Clarke, Helon Johnson, J. Manning, C. Warsaw, J. E. Booker; H. Fields, bones; Tom Slater, tambo; and Jake Hamilton. Booker & Hicks were proprietors.

BOOKER & EVARTS’ MINSTRELS: consisted of Johnny Booker, Dick Sliter, Robert Lane, G. L. Hall, A. C. Stone, Harry Evarts, S. S. Purdy, Thomas Jefferson, G. H. Warre, and Herr Heck. They organized in November, 1860, and made a tour through New England. In January, 1861, they were on a Mississippi River floating palace. In February, Harry Evarts left the company, having been stricken with paralysis and losing the use of his left arm. They took to the road in April with Johnny Booker, Thomas H. Jefferson, George H. Hall, C. A. Shattuck, R. Lane, Dick Sliter, A. C. Stone, J. E. Hartel, Herr Heck and O. N. Hart.

BOOKER (JOHNNY) & FRANK HOWARD’S MINSTRELS: traveled with Lent’s Circus in the West in the summer of 1865 with Johnny Booker, Frank Howard, George Charles, Robert Ellingham, Master Robert, Prof. Holmer, and Frank Wyant.

BOOKER’S MINSTRELS: were on a traveling tour in Ohio in September, 1862, with John E. Hartel, Glendenning, Moran, Billy Vaughn, O’Neal, James Owens, Master J. Bech and others. They soon closed. Later, BOOKER’S MINSTRELS were organized by Johnny Booker, after a rest on his farm in Adrian, Mich. (having recovered from the wound he received some time previous). They opened in Toledo, Ohio, October 22, 1865. Johnny Booker was dangerously wounded by a ball from a pistol entering the left breast, just below the collar bone, passing through the lung and lodging somewhere in that locality, in Dayton, Ohio, in October, 1864, while he was traveling with Bailey’s Circus. Early in 1877 he arrived in Philadelphia after a long tour through the East Indies.

BOSTLEWAITE & SHADDOCK’S MINSTRELS: See ROSS, SPRUNG, SMITH & CHADDUCK’S MINSTRELS.

BOSTON HARONISTS: organized in Palmyra, N.Y., in 1850 and made a traveling tour. G. W. H. Griffin made his debut with them, he being the manager.

BOWERS & PRENDERGAST: made up a band in New York and opened January 3, 1864, in Newark with E. Bowers, T. B. Prendergast, S. S. Purdy, James Budworth, N. Gould, T. Simpson, Nevilles, Trige, Fagan and others. In June, 1864, they reorganized and were known as the AEOLIANS.

BOWERS’ ETHIOPIAN SERENADERS: organized in Troy, N.Y., in March 1855, with J. Bowers as manager; E. Pierce, tambo; Dick Berthelon; J. Warren, bones; Bob Smith, J. Hogan; and E. Warren, wench. They traveled North, but closed in two weeks.

BOWERY MINSTRELS, THE: were organized in St. Louis, Mo., in January, 1858, by J. E. Esher and played there over a year. Fattie Stewart, tambo; Frank Lynch, violin; Charles Petrie, bones; Matt Thompson, jig; Tommy Pell, Ben Wheeler, Tom Allen, Paul Kraft, Major Flinn and Miss Leslie were in the company.

BOYCE & MUDGE’S MINSTRELS: consisted of J. T. Boyce, W. Holding, E. Kirwin, E. S. Wilson, George L. Hall, F. Logan, H. Llalande, H. T. Mudge, J. Herrell, J. Burgess, A. Glynn, J. T. Herbert, P. Nortrand, H. Bloodgood, M. Dedanoti, P. Grattle, N. C. Dumaille, Prof. De Rauff, E. K. Ceine and Sig. Vayo. They reorganized in New York and started early in May, 1866, for a tour East. They collapsed at Dover, N. H., June 12.

BOYCE’S MINSTRELS: were organized in Baltimore, Md., where they opened August 13, 1866, with W. S. Budworth, John K. Campbell, Frank Leslie, J. Tannenbaum, Frank Campbell, Joseph Garatagui, and George and Willie Guy.

BOYNTON’S EXCELSIOR MINSTRELS: composed of W. J. Boynton, Frank Wyant, John Pettit, Walter Walsh, and G. F. Macarty, organized and traveled through New York State in September, 1858.

BREMOND’S (E. L.) MINSTRELS: organized in Galveston, Tex., January 5, 1874, and started out on a traveling tour. In the company were Milt G. Barlow, Prof. C. Schmidt, Wash Norton, Sprague, Mack, and a brass band. They closed their season on March 14, the same year; but reorganized and took to the road under the title of the BREMOND & NORTON MINSTRELS and traveled through the Far West, closing up July 4, 1874, at Denver.

BRIMMER, GAYNOR, WHITING & CLARK’S MINSTRELS: were traveling through New York State in November, 1865.

BROADWAY MINSTRELS, THE: in January, 1858, appeared at the Melodeon, Boston. Shortly after they reorganized and made a traveling tour West and were known as the METROPOLITAN BURLESQUE OPERA TROUPE, with L. W. Myers as manager; C. Frank West, bones; Harry Blanchard, banjo; William B. Brown, tambo; John C. Woodworth, accordion; Harry Barton, violin; Joe Mairs, wench; Billy Bray (the Albany rattler), and C. Dockstader, basso.

BROWN, JONES & WOODRUFF’S MINSTREL PARTY: were traveling in 1850 under the management of Joe Brown and Tim Woodruff.

BROWN’S (JOE) CHRISTY’S: consisted of W. P. Collins, Joe Brown, C. W. Rayner, Harry Herbert, W. H. Castor, Ted Saunders and N. La Fenillade. They sailed from Southampton, England, September 27, 1863, under the management of J. W. Smith, on their way to India to oppose the Nish party, then in Australia. They visited Gibraltar, Malta, Alexandria, Cairo, Suez and Aden, reaching Bombay on October 29 and giving their first concert on November 2 in the Grand Road Theatre to a house doubly rammed and jammed, with prices as follows: reserved seats, six rupees (about three dollars); parquet, five rs.; gallery, three rs.; pit, two rs. They remained one month and gave sixteen concerts, the last two in the Town Hall and one private entertainment for Sir Jamsetiee Jeejeebahoy. They left many kind friends who assembled to see them off about the 7th of November, for Madras, via Point de Jalle. There they gave two concerts in the Military Theatre while awaiting the arrival of the English mail steamer to take the company to Madras. Every favor was shown them in this hospitable city. The use of the banqueting hall in the government house and the patronage of His Excellency the Governor was obtained. A perfect furor awaited the company here, and ten concerts were given to crowded and delighted audiences. The boys, having time and wishing to see the interior, went to Bangalore in the mountains some two hundred and fifty miles, proceeding two hundred by rail and fifty by “donk.” Here they gave two concerts and paid expenses, returning to Madras and, four days after, arrived in Calcutta. And here, in five weeks, they gave twenty concerts to good business. The first night was 3,900 rs. Prices—reserved, 5 rs.; second class, 3 rs. The remaining concerts were very good, notwithstanding the city and India generally was in mourning for Lord Elgin, the late Governor-General. The arrival of Sir John Lawrence (the present viceroy) acted bad for them, in consequence of the numerous balls and parties that took place. However, on the whole, they did in four months what would be considered at home comfortable returns for a year. The boys left Calcutta on the steamer Persia, February 15, for Rangoon, in the Burmese Empire, proceeding thence to Ava to play for His Majesty, the King; his wives and children. The Nish party reached Sydney December 9, 1863, and opened Boxing Night (in December), where they made a lengthy stay.

BROWN’S (JOE) MINSTRELS: organized and started from Chicago, September, 1856, and went traveling.

BRYANT & MALLORY’S: Dan Bryant and Ben Mallory organized a party in 1855 and visited the East. Dave Wambold was in the company. They played in New York at the Chinese Buildings, Broadway, where they closed on August 23, 1856. In October they appeared at Concert Hall, Philadelphia, when Eph Horn joined them. Mallory left and Jerry and Neil Bryant joined. They shortly after disbanded in New York.

BRYANT’S CAMPBELL’S: were at the Chinese Rooms on Broadway, New York, in 1856, with Dan Bryant as manager.

BRYANT’S DIXIE MINSTRELS: organized in Savannah, Ga., where they opened April 15, 1861.

BRYANT’S MINSTRELS: were organized and opened February 23, 1857, by Jerry, Dan and Neil Bryant at Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broadway (formerly occupied by the original Christy’s), New York: Jerry, bones; Dan, tambo; Neil Bryant, accordion; T. B. Prendergast, Dick Carroll, Charles Fox, W. Penn Lehr, John H. Savori, S. Howard, B. Mallory, E. H. Winchell, M. Lewis, and Harry Leslie (the rope walker), versatile performer. October, 1857, Frank Moran, banjo; George S. Fowler and W. Percival appeared. After a brief absence, Prendergast re-appeared December, 1857. Unsworth opened in January, 1858, and in April J. T. Huntley commenced and B. Mallory re-appeared. Fred Wilson, the clog dancer, was added to the company October 18, 1858. In September, James Carroll took Mr. Howard’s place as interlocutor. David Wambold, who returned from England, opened here December 6. Unsworth (who had been with the Campbells) also reappeared December 6. Wambold, after a brief absence, re-appeared during the season of 1859 and remained eight months. Dick Sands made his first appearance on the stage in January, 1859. George Coes opened in June. After a tour, they re-opened in New York August 1, 1859, with G. S. Fowler, Dan Emmett, G. W. Charles, W. Hobbs, James Carroll, Unsworth, Donniker, Savori, F. Hobbs, S. S. Crosby and P. T. Mitchell. In September, G. H. Warren (ballads) opened. On March 26, 1860, Eph Horn took the position of Dan Bryant (who had sailed for Europe to see the Heenan and Sayers fight) and remained there until the season closed on July 14. Dan Bryant arrived home May 19 and opened on the 28th. The party then made a tour and re-opened in New York August 6, 1860, with Wambold, Paul Berger, P. B. Isaacs, James Carroll, George Charles, J. H. Savori, W. L. Hobbs, N. W. Gould, M. Ainsley Scott, Dan Emmett, T. J. Pell, G. S. Fowler and Aynsley Cook. Tim Norton retired. Prendergast left them. Charles Backus opened October 15. T. B. Prendergast left New York for the South with the 71st Regiment, April 22, 1861, and was one of the first to set foot on Alexandria, Va., ground when that city was captured by the U. S. Forces. In June, 1861, he made a flying visit to New York on business and appeared with the Bryants (for that night only), June 13, and sang “Vive la America.” He was presented with a beautiful gold medal by Dan on behalf of the company. On May 6, Eph Horn relieved Norton and remained until July 5. In the company were N. W. Gould, Eph Horn, Aynsley Cook, J. W. Hilton, Dan Bryant, P. B. Isaacs, Norton, T. J. Peel, Dan Emmett, Japanese Tommy, Fowler and D. W. Chitton. The season closed July 13, 1861, after giving performances for nearly one year, with the exception of a week’s cessation on account of the death of Jerry. They opened in Boston at the Museum July 22, when Eph Horn and S. C. Campbell joined them. Returning to New York, they re-opened August 5 with Eph Horn, Dan and Neil Bryant, S. C. Campbell, T. J. Peel, Frank Leslie, James Morrison, J. Garratagua, J. H. Savori, Hobbs, G. S. Fowler, Dan Emmett, Japanese Tommy, Gettings, and J. W. Hilton. After having been absent a while, Dan Emmett reappeared in March, 1862. The season closed July 5, 1862. Their next season opened August 25 and the company was about the same as the past season. W. W. Newcomb, having returned from Europe, opened November 24, taking Nelse Seymour’s place, and remained until April 4, 1863. The Bryants opened their next season August 10, 1863, and closed January 9, 1864. Nelse Seymour was on one end. Dave Reed, Green, and Hilton (middle man) were added to the forces for a few nights in January. S. A. Wells, basso, opened January 11. The next season commenced September 12, 1864, and lasted until July 8, 1865. During the season, C. C. Templeton, J. W. Hilton, D. C. Winans, A. Ross, W. Mellins, B. W. Buchanan, Dave Reed, Nelse Seymour, J. Morrison, J. H. Savori and Dan Emmett were in the company. On May 1, Frank Moran and Mickey Warren opened. Dan and Eph Horn sailed for Europe May 3, 1865. The season of 1865-66 commenced September 11 and the company was about the same as before, excepting Eph Horn, who took Dan’s place, he (Dan) having opened in Irish comedy. Little Mac appeared November 27; Charles Henry and Garratagua, January 1, 1866; Rollin Howard, January 10; J. W. Rayner, January 15; followed by Master Ryan, Hogan, Collins and Ira Paine. The season closed June 2, which was their final performance in Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broadway. The Bryants’ Minstrels did not again appear in New York until May 18, 1868, when they opened their new hall in the lower part of Tammany Hall, east side of Fourteenth Street, between Third Avenue and Irving Place. The party consisted of Dan Bryant, Eph Horn, Nelse Seymour, James Unsworth, Eugene, Monroe, Dempster, W. P. Grier, Charles Henry, J. Hogan, R. Hughes, G. W. Rockefeller, J. H. Ross, G. B. Ross, Garratagua, G. H. Schott, James Morrison, G. Trunkett, and Francis Bracht. In June, J. K. Emmett opened. During the season, Warren White, F. St. Clair, Raphael de Solla (tenor) opened, also Neil Bryant, who made his appearance February 1 for the first time in three years. The season closed April 17, 1869, and they went traveling. They re turned and opened at the same hall May 10. William Dwyer, Little Mac, Dave Reed, and G. W. H. Griffin appearing soon after. The season closed July 24, 1869, and re-opened September 13 with Dave Reed, Unsworth, Eugene, Grier, J. G. Russell, T. Brandisi, Dempster, Rockefeller, Delehanty and Hengler, Jasper H. Ross, Garratagua and J. H. Savori. The season closed June 4, 1870. On the opening night at this hall, over one thousand persons were turned away before eight o’clock. The receipts for the first six performances amounted to $4,296.25. The season closed April 24, 1869, and they went traveling. They re-opened in New York, May 10, 1869, at reduced prices of admission. Dave Reed joined them and on May 24 William Dwyer appeared. Nelse Seymour closed June 12 and sailed for Europe on the 16th. Little Mac appeared June 28 in the “Essence.” They closed the season July 24, 1869, and went to Philadelphia; but returned to New York, September 13, 1869, and opened with the following company: T. Brandisi, J. G. Russell, Delehanty, Hengler, Unsworth (bones), G. W. H. Griffin (middle), Rockefeller, W. P. Grier, Monroe, Dempster, Dan Bryant (tambo); Eugene, William Dwyer, Dave Reed, J. W. Ross, J. Morrison, J. Garatagua and J. H. Savori. Delehanty and Hengler appeared in the celebrated “Shoo Fly, Don’t Bother Me.” Delehanty’s stay was short, however, for on the 16th he left in consequence of the death of his father. Dan Bryant and Dave Reed afterwards dressed the song and dance to suit their own tastes and gave it to their patrons in an amended form on October 11. On January 1, Little Mac put in an appearance and was engaged for the rest of the season. R. M. Carroll opened for a short season on the 3d. February 23 was a gala day with the valiant Dan, for on it he celebrated the thirteenth anniversary of the establishment of his minstrel band in this city and danced “The Essence,” which was one of the principal rounds in the ladder that led him up to fame. The house was closed the night of June 2 as Dan Bryant had a benefit at the Academy of Music. The season closed June 4, 1870. The following are the receipts of the hall excepting the last month: September, $3,722; October, $7,317; November, $11,400; December, $10,904; January, $9,925; February, $9,453; March, $8,303; April, $7,340; May, $5,500. On November 23, 1870, they opened their new Opera House on West Twenty-third Street (north side), a few doors west of Sixth Avenue. In the company was Dave Reed, Nelse Seymour, Little Mac, Hughey Dougherty, George Warren, S. C. Crosby, James Morrison, H. Norman, W. P. Grier, J. Brandisi, Garatagua, Martin Setz, J. H. Schott, Monroe Dempster, Thomas Sully, W. H. Brockway, William F. Stanley, J. d’Alberte, Dan and Neil Bryant, D. W. Carre, J. H. Savori, Master Warren, E. W. Mitchell, T. H. Monroe. The season closed July 1, 1871. Their second season here commenced September 4, 1871, with James A. Barney, R. Kohler, Morrisey, Emerson, Nelse Seymour, McAndrews, W. F. Stanley, Savori, Charles Karoll, G. H. Weston, Little Mac, Dave Reed, Monroe Dempster, Charles d’Alberte, James Morrisey, Martin Setz, C. H. Foster, and Dan Bryant. They traveled during the summer. W. W. Newcomb opened with this company on November 13, 1871. On January 1, “Shoo Fly” was revived. The season closed April 20 and the party traveled. They re-opened in New York August 26, 1872. Kelly and Leon were in the company, but they closed on November 16. McAndrews appeared December 2. Master Barney appeared March 31, 1873. On May 29, Thomas Lynch was announced to make his first appearance on the stage and sing a ballad for Brockway and Donniker’s benefit. The season closed June 25. Dan Bryant and Eph Horn arrived home from Europe August 31, 1873. They commenced their next season September 4, 1873. Dave Reed, Nelse Seymour, Eugene, Unsworth, Bob Hart, Con T. Murphy, Brockway, Donniker, Savori, J. J. Joell, Harry Stanwood, James Morrisey, Karl Steele, Templeton, Dwyer, Lamont and others were in the company. On December 1, A. H. Clarke, basso, first appeared. Theo Jackson, bass singer, appeared May 4, 1874, under the assumed name of T. Merchant. The season closed June 24, 1874. On June 27 the hall was re-opened for a benefit to Nelse Seymour and Bob Hart, when, in addition to all of the company, Eph Horn, Charley White and George F. Brown appeared. They re-opened the hall for the season August 31 with Bob Hart, Seymour, Dave Reed, Brockway, Fred Walz, J. J. Kelly, Joseph Norrie, W. Raymond, Templeton, J. Robinson, F. Emerson, J. P. Hogan, W. Henry Rice, Donniker, J. H. Ross, Savori, James Morrison and others in the company. James S. Maffitt opened January 25, 1870, in burlesque. The Bryants’ Minstrels continued to occupy this house until April 10, 1875.

BRYANT’S (NEIL) MINSTRELS: at Mechanics’ Hall often reached a yearly profit of $40,000. The only week business was poor was when Fort Sumter was fired upon. That week the profits were only $27. On May 3, 1875, Neil Bryant organized a band for the road, opening in Boston. They appeared for one night only at the Academy of Music, New York, on May 29. Neil Bryant appeared and performed a solo upon the flutina, being his first appearance in ten years. On September 20, 1875, Neil Bryant reorganized and opened in Bridgeport, Conn., with the following company: Will A. Morton, Albert Welling, Lew Benedict, Billy Gray, Tierney, Cronin, Welling Bros., Harry Stanwood, Bernardo, and J. W. Freeth. Another re-organization took place in December, 1875. Neil Bryant was proprietor; S. F. Stevens, manager; D. B. Hodge was agent. In the company were: Lew Benedict, T. M. Hengler, Goss, Fox, Billy Bryant, Flem Adams, Lee, the California Quartette (consisting of the three Welling Bros. and J. W. Freeth) and orchestra. They closed May 8, 1876. On September 10, 1877. Neil Bryant opened a season with a company at the Globe Theatre, Broadway, New York, with Cool White, Prof. Corner, W. H. Hamilton, Little Mac, Charles Banks, Justin Robinson, Seamon, Somers, Adams, Lee, Dave Reed and others. They closed December 8 and went on a traveling tour. Another party was formed which opened at the Howard Athenaeum, Boston, February 25, 1878. Hughey Dougherty, Dave Reed, Joseph Norrie, Billy Bryant, Little Mac, and G. W. Harley. They closed on the road June 1, but reorganized, they opened at the Grand Opera House, New York, June 17: Ernest Linden, Dougherty, Little Mac, Eddie Fox, Harley, Fayette Welch, Dave Reed, Billy Bryant, Joseph Norrie, Neil Bryant and others. In September, 1878, with Neil Bryant organized another company which started on a few weeks’ tour under the financial management of John P. Smith. They opened September 23 and closed in five weeks, the business being very bad. The company consisted of Neil Bryant, Dave Reed, W. Quilter, Pete Goldrich, Billy Bryant, W. Henry Rice, J. M. Norrie, Charles Storms, Henry Percy, Albert Welling, Gustave Johnson, Adolph Nichols and orchestra. While Bryant’s Minstrels were performing in Buffalo, N.Y., in April, 1878, a suit was brought against Neil Bryant on a claim against him of $1,000. It was an old claim of Lew Benedict, the minstrel. The Messrs. Meech became bondsmen for Neil Bryant and he and his troupe continued their travels. Shortly after, a referee having decided in favor of the plaintiff and Mr. Bryant, having no property, his prosecutors proposed to get out an execution upon his body as a preliminary to making his bondsmen forfeit if Mr. B. could not be found within the legal fifteen days; and his prosecutors had no idea that he would permit himself to be found. But just here Neil’s sense of honor fooled the judgment creditors. Within one hour after the bodily execution was issued, the subject of it was in Buffalo, where he presented himself in court; and being neither willing nor able to repay the $1,000, he was committed to the Erie County jail, where he remained until December 30, when he was released by Judge Daniels in consequence of a technical error having been discovered in the prosecutor’s proceedings. Neil was in jail just forty-nine days.

BUCKEYE MINSTRELS: were organized in the winter of 1861 by Billy Manning for a winter tour in the West.

BUCKLEY & SHARPLEY: (G. Swayne Buckley and Sam Sharpley) started out on a tour with a party September 3, 1872. They made a tour of the East and West and opened in New York at the San Francisco Minstrel Hall (St. James Theatre), March 3, 1873. The first part minstrel scene was abolished and the performance commenced with a protean farce, followed by an olio. They closed March 22.

BUCKLEY’S MINSTRELS: opened at the Tabernacle, the present site of the Howard Athenaeum, Boston, in October, 1843. G. W. Hoyte, banjo; Linton, tambo; Buckley, violin; Brewer, bones; Neagle, violin. Among their selections were “Gumbo, Sound Your Horn,” “De Re My True Love,” “De Piper’s Son,” “Dandy Jim of South Carolina” (announced as the first time it was ever sung), by Hoyt and chorus, “Gib Us Chew Tobacco,” “Old Dan Tucker,” “Dance de Boatmen,” “Old Aunt Sally,” “Come Day, Go Day,” “Work Jaw Bone,” “Jenny, Come Along,” and “Come Sally with the Booties On” (first time in this country). Twelve and a half cents was the only price of admission. After their first season in Boston they traveled through the East by means of their own teams. They first appeared in New York, January 8, 1845, at the Park Theatre with J. Law Buckley, Little Ole Bull, George Swain Buckley (announced as Sweeney Buckley), and Mr. King in the party.

BUCKLEY’S MINSTRELS: was the title given to a party that opened in Newark, N. J., June 6, 1868, and closed June 5, 1869. J. K. Buckley, J. W. Crayton, Mons. De Burton, Frank Allison, Harry Walters, Ed Holden, G. Williams, C. W. Edwards, W. Payne and Clara Le Brun (trapeze) were in the company.

BUCKLEYS’ MINSTRELS: was a party traveling in the South in February, 1860. They were in no way connected with the Original Buckleys.

BUCKLEY’S SERENADERS: formerly NEW ORLEANS MINSTRELS, John Mulligan joined them and Julia Gould appeared in burlesque opera in November, 1858. Dave Reed, S. Swaine, Bishop, T. Waddleton, J. W. Palmer and G. Clarence in the company. Dave Reed was doing his “Sally, Come Up.” Allston Hall was located on Tremont Street, nearly opposite the Park Church. It was afterwards occupied as a theatre, first managed by Mrs. Jane English, and subsequently called the Tremont Theatre, being managed by various persons but without financial success. It was converted afterwards into a carpet store. In July, 1859, they re-opened in New York at 585 Broadway. On March 21, 1860, they sailed from Boston for Europe; and their success in all the provincial towns throughout Great Britain and in London was very flattering and encouraging in the highest degree. But, unfortunately, after spending large sums of money in decorating and re-fitting numerous halls and theatres for the production of their burlesque operas, managers of different theatres became jealous of their popularity and called up against them an almost forgotten statute in the law, relative to the performance of operas, and which excluded from license all but the regular Royal Opera. They appealed against it but without success. The obsolete statute was enforced against them and the Buckleys were compelled to abandon their enterprise and return to America, arriving here in 1861. They then visited many of the principal cities in the North and finally settled down in Boston in June, 1863. Previous to this, however, they opened in Boston, October 13, 1862 (being their first appearance there in four years), at Allston Hall. They opened in New York December 22, l862, at the Palace of Music, Fourteenth Street, near Sixth Avenue, under the solo management of J. G. Collins. The writer of this was the business manager of the Cremoine Gardens, the Palace of Music being one of the many attractions of the place. James E. Nixon was the manager. The company consisted of R. Bishop and G. Swaine Buckley, Dave Read, J. A. Palmer, August Asche, Julia Gould, G. Lonsdale, H. Leake, J. J. Mullen, G. Clarence, and J. Smith. They closed here January 3, 1863, and opened Stuyvesant Institute January 5, which they closed January 31 and went traveling. They opened their new hall on the corner Sumner and Chauncey Streets, Boston, June 15, 1863. Charles Pettengill, F. F. Saurin, Walter Birch, C. C. Pratt and others were in the party. J. K. Campbell opened June 18. Owing to bad business, the Buckleys closed in Boston and started for a traveling tour April 9, 1866, but they closed their season June 23. In August this party dwindled down to a small concern and they were traveling through Massachusetts, giving concerts in white and black face. They took a vacation in December, 1866 and continued until February 10, when they again started on a tour with L. M. W. Steere as agent. G. Swaine Buckley started a band from Boston, July 8, 1867, consisting of himself, H. Burchard, Jake Budd and two pupils, J. J. Roberts and C. Pickett; L. M. W. Steere as agent. He organized in Boston and started out September 1, 1868, opening at Fitchburg, Mass. In the party were George Swaine Buckley and Jake Budd (on the ends), J. J. Roberts (middle man), the Empire Boys, J. H. Stout, C. D. Bassett and others. This band opened the season at Newport, R. I., on August 31, 1869. G. Swaine Buckley, J. H. Murphy, Jake Budd, J. Waterman, Pete Lee, Charles Heywood, Hogan and Hughes, and O. P. Sweet in the party; Medora Becker, prima donna; H. E. Parmelee, agent. Joseph Norrie joined them December 15. They appeared in New York (first time in ten years) July 11, 1870, at their old standpoint (the San Francisco Minstrel Hall, 585 Broadway) and closed there August 13 and went on a tour. The Buckley family, professionally speaking, consisted of James Buckley, R. Bishop Buckley, George Swaine Buckley and Frederick Buckley---George Swaine first light and eccentric comedian, also banjoist; R. Bishop, low comedian, buffo, etc.; Frederick, leader of orchestra, violin soloist, composer and arranger of all the melodies and operatic music given by the troupe. The cause of S. S. Sanford changing the name of the Buckleys when he took them to Europe was because they were fugitives from England. They were announced as James Burke, Swaine, Rainer and Master Ole Bull. There never was such another family as the Buckleys. Everyone was a master musician. In this combination was an orchestra of soloists, a quartette, as well as a brace of comedians. Who will forget the burlesque operas as played by them---”Cinderella and That Pie,” “Bohomian Girl,” “Fra Diavolo,” “La Buy a Deer,” “La Sonam Bull Oh!,” etc.

BUCKMINSTER MINSTRELS: were organized in Maine in May, 1860, and traveled through New York State. John Norton, Pete Lee, Frank Cilley, E. S. Gray, D. P. Kincaine, F. Clifford, James Franks, C. E. Mirrell, and B. S. Miller comprised the company.

BUDWORTH & CAMPBELL’S: were organized in New Jersey in February, 1861, with J. H. Budworth, W. S. Budworth, M. C. Campbell, G. Raynor, Frank Spear, Billy Allen, A. H. Wood, Master Yates, M. J. Solomon, and Master M. Lewis. In March, E. Byron Christy, Charles Melville, Matt Thompson, W. Howard, and M. Corwan were in the party.

BUDWORTH’S MINSTRELS: consisted of C. Henry, G. F. Fowler, J. Savori, J. Garatagua, Dan Emmett, W. P. Grier, G. F. Clarendon, H. Budworth, Dick Sands, P. Abbott, W. W. Hodgkins, G. W. H. Griffin, W. S. Budworth, and Willie and George Guy; they opened at the Fifth Avenue Theatre (formerly George Christy’s), August 27, 1866. Quite a change in the company was made January 15, 1867. James H. and William Budworth retired from the party and on the 16th George Christy took the bone end and Mr. Hodgkins the tambo. The party was now called GRIFFIN & CHRISTY’S.

BUDWORTH’S MINSTRELS: were organized in New York, and opened in the Olympic Opera House, Sixteenth Street and Eighth Avenue, in March, 1858

BUDWORTH’S MINSTRELS: See WOOD’S MINSTRELS.

BUDWORTH’S MINSTRELS: was a new organization that opened at the Academy of Music, Chicago, July 3, 1865.

BUNNELL’S MINSTRELS: consisting of D. W. Reeves, Billy Drew, Billy Hart, J. H. Taylor, Frank Lum and others accompanied the R. Sands Circus during the summer of 1863.

BURCH, CHRISTIE & CO.’S MINSTRELS: consisting of Tim Woodruff, Leon Berger, George Wallace, Hank Goodman, Ned Foster, Rodney Maguire, F. M. Rhinehart, Hernandez, and Foster’s Pantomime Troupe. They traveled West in December, 1863.

BURGESS AND SCOTT: opened with a band at the Theatre Comique, Cincinnati: O., June 3, 1867, James A. Oates being lessee and manager. In the party were M. Ainsley Scott, Cool Burgess, W. S. Budworth, Billy Allen, and the Reynolds Bros. This party collapsed during the same month.

BURGESS’ (COOL) MINSTRELS: consisted of: Cool Burgess, bones and second tenor; W. J. Gibson, tambo; George B. Radcliffe, middle man; H. Mortimer, Will H. Coleman, Harry Causland, Mileson Smith, Joe H. Banks, Alex Robertson, Arthur Mortimer, Frank Beaver, and Johnny Burdell. They made a tour of Canada, commencing September 17, 1868. They collapsed in Cincinnati, Ohio, early in January, 1869, but reorganized in February with Mike Foley, Charles Atkins, Joe Banks, Ed African, H. Causland, Billy Coleman, Bobby Price, and Walter Davis in the party. Joe Chenet was agent. They closed their season at Bath, Me., June 16, 1869.

BURGESS, PRENDERGAST, HUGHES & DONNIKER’S MINSTRELS: organized in New York in September, 1865, and started through the East under the management of John A. Dingess. They opened September 11, at Bridgeport, Conn., with Cool Burgess, Archie Hughes, Prendergast, J. B. Donniker, Rollin Dana, A. C. Stone, M. Ainsley Scott, C. A. Boyd, Joseph Bailey, R. Thompson, Charles Elliott, J. Wilson, E. French, Frank Trainer, T. Morris, and Masters George and Charles Reynolds. Frank B. Cilley was agent. In May, 1866, Charley Gardner, O. P. Sweet and W. Alonzo Owen joined the party. In March 1866, Charles B. Griste joined this party as advance agent. J. B. Donniker withdrew from the management early in 1866 and the party was then known as BURGESS, LA RUE, PRENDERGAST & HUGHES’ MINSTRELS. In a few months Prendergast withdrew, and in November, 1866, the party was called BURGESS & LA RUE’S MINSTRELS and consisted of Cool Burgess, S. S. Purdy, O. P. Sweet, C. S. Fredericks, Frank Bowles, Harry French, Ned West, Charles Church, Mike Kannane, D. C. La Rue, W. Fowler, T. Simmons, A. C. Stone, Sig. Brandisi, Marcello Tornisi, George and Charles Reynolds, Ned Kneeland, Lewis Kazaran, Dick Thompson, Joe Timpson J. H. Slawson, N. Bernard, and H. A. Stanley, agent. In December, Burgess withdrew and the party was called LA RUE’S CARNIVALS. They opened in Canada in February, 1867. Billy Manning and H. W. Eagan were on the ends; O. P. Sweet, Fredericks, Brandisi, Kannane, West, Frank Bowles, Oscar Kress, Wheaton and C. B. Griste, agent, comprised the party. After a hard struggle they closed at Lafayette, Ind., July 22, 1868, and reorganized November 21, 1868. In August, 1870, they were in St. Paul, Minn., with Billy Reeves and Ned West on the ends, and Ricardo as prima donna. They disbanded at Petersburg, Va., February 9, 1871, owing to bad business.

BURKLY & COLLARD’S MINSTRELS: were traveling through Ohio in June, 1866. The party consisted of William Butler, J. F. Dunnie, E. Kelly, Charles Shelly, J. W. McAndrews, George Collard, Johnny Judge, J. Arthur, F. Spearl, H. Weber, F. Burkly and others.

BUSWORTH’S MINSTRELS: were traveling through New Jersey in September, 1859.

CALIFORNIA COMBINATION, THE: was a party that was performing on the Pacific Slope in June, 1876, under the management of D. Murray, John Jenkins, Prof. Lobe; Billy Taylor, bones; John Bortell, tambo; T. A. Medina, and Prof. Williams, a deaf and dumb magician.

CALIFORNIA MINSTRELS: were the first minstrels ever organized in California. They were under the management of William H. Bernard, of the well known Birch, Wambold, Backus and Bernard party. They opened in August, 1849, in the Parker House, San Francisco, at $5 a ticket. They next hired Alfred Green’s Hall, over the Aguila d’Oro. In the winter they went to the Sandwich Islands and the party was known as the NEW YORK SERENADERS.

CALIFORNIA MINSTRELS: were organized under the management of Mr. Grant, and in the party were Henry Irving (later known as Phil H. Irving), Sam Raymond, Mons. Alexander, Jake Wallace, John De Angelis. This was in the fall of 1858. A re-organization was made for a trip to Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, and the party consisted of Mike Mitchell, Joe and Harry Taylor; C. C. Keene, accordion; Tom King, tambo; Charles Nickerson, wench; Lew Rattler, Joe Murphy, Charles Henry, C. D. Abbott and others. They returned to San Francisco in January, 1859. The season proved disastrous on account of failure of the whale fisheries in the Arctic Ocean that season. Another company calling themselves the California Minstrels organized in 1859 and opened under the What Cheer House, Sacramento Street, San Francisco. Lotta, Louisa, Pauline and Charley Morrell and others were in the party.

CALIFORNIA MINSTRELS: was the title of a party that was organized by W. H. Smith and Mr. Honts, and they opened the New Alhambra Theatre on the south side of Bush Street, between Montgomery and Kearney Streets, San Francisco, May 22, 1868. In the party were: Harry Norman, Johnny Mack, J. De Angelis, Harry Raynor, Fred Spring, T. Bree, G. Smith, Dick Sands, H. Bamford, and William Ashcroft. George Coes soon after joined them. On July 13 they started on a traveling tour. Their receipts from May 22 to July 1 are said to have been $19,415.50.

CALIFORNIA MINSTRELS: was a party organized by Phil H. Irving and started from San Francisco, June 20, 1868. They played all the mining towns in northern California, remaining out four months. Charley Rhoades, Frank Medina, Jake Wallace, Harry Williams, Tommy Farren (of Baker & Farren), George Lynne, Frank Casey and Phil Irving. Phil H, Irving, professionally known twenty years ago as Harry Irving, first appeared as tenor vocalist in San Francisco, Cal., in October, 1857.

CALIFORNIA MINSTRELS: organized in Cincinnati, O., in July, 1874, and went on a traveling tour. Harry Cadova, Jeff Howard, Dick Durand, Ned Reed, Charles Armstrong and J. H. Casper were in the company. They reorganized at Massillon, Ohio, March 10, 1877, and collapsed Sept. 11, 1877.

CALIFORNIA MINSTRELS: was the title of a party that opened at Bryant’s Hall, Twentythird Street near Sixth Avenue, New York, under the management of William H. Smith, February 7, 1876. The company consisted of Frank Moran, Johnny Allen, Little Mac, Sanford, Wilson, Brockway, William Dwyer, J. Williams, J. Crosher, D. Baron, H. C. Tare, C. Howard, F. Williams, S. Hall, S. Lester, S. Stanton, James Lamont, E. A. Voos and orchestra. Johnny Allen left the first week. Billy Pastor assumed the management February 21, but withdrew March 11. William H. Smith resumed the management March 13 with W. W. Newcomb as stage manager, and a variety performance was given.

CALLENDER’S GEORGIA’S: as they had been called for some time, appeared at Robinson Hall, New York, March 8, 1875, and remained three weeks. This party was next called MAHARA’S GEORGIA’S.

CALLENDER’S JUBILEE MINSTRELS: were organized by C. Callender and started November 12, 1874, under the business management of Gus Frohman. John Uston, D. Porter, S. Tilman, R. Freeman, C. Benson, R. Keenan, J. Johnson, T. Murray, F. Bicks; F. Anderson, F. Jones, P. Zabriskie, Hazzard, and J. Anderson.

CAMPBELL & HOPPIL’S BAND: with Brigham Bishop and Tom Downs, proprietors, was started for a campaign among the soldier boys stationed at Chattanooga, Tenn., where they opened April 25, 1864, under canvas with George Wallace, J. Davidson, Add Ryman, J. Murphy, George and Brigham Bishop, D. Derago, Tom Downs and Master Charley.

CAMPBELL, CARLEY & MILES’ MINSTRELS: were traveling in Massachusetts in February, 1861. G. McDewell, Frank Carley, Ned Miles, Dan Campbell, and Dan Ashley were in the party.

CAMPBELL SABLES: organized and made a tour of New England in May, 1859. Frank Wells was in the party.

CAMPBELL’S MINSTRELS: of the many minstrel companies with the name of Campbell attached, this was one of them in 1853. Eph Horn was one of the attractions, also William W. Newcomb. They continued until the fall of 1856, when they were re-christened by H. Rumsey as RUMSEY & NEWCOMB’S MINSTRELS.

CAMPBELL’S MINSTRELS: C. A. Morningstar, manager, and consisting of S. S. Purdy, Joe Mairs, J. W. Smith, J. H. Stout, Frank and Sig. Angelo, Dan M. Holt, J. R. Passerelli, W. H. Griffin, W. C. Manning, Con Murphy, Frank Berger, Charles Sanford, Richard Arnold, Alph Bishop, Sig. Surboni and Miss Frank Christie, were traveling early in 1862 in the South and Southwest. When they reached Louisville, Ky., trouble entered the managerial camp and there was a split in the party in November. Morningstar left with some of the company for Memphis. Dan Holt took charge of those who remained in Louisville and continued to play there. Morningstar organized and traveled South with the following people: W. E. Manning, Stout, Dan W. Collins, Mairs, J. C. Murphy, Mons. Hager, Dan M. Holt, Clark Gibbs, Frank D. and Sig. Angelo, Master Harry, and Miss Christie. George H. Bentley, who had been with this party as advance agent, retired from the profession in March, 1863, and opened a saloon in Memphis. This party Morningstar called the EXCELSIORS.

CAMPBELL’S MINSTRELS: was organized in April, 1859, by Edward M. and Daniel Campbell. They traveled East with William Mayne, violin; W. H. Blood, banjo; Frank Curley, guitar; G. B. Hartfield, accordion, and Plummer.

CAMPBELL’S MINSTRELS: was a party consisting of: G. W. Moore, Dick Melville, M. C. Campbell, J. Kelly, R. M. Ferguson, Master Tommy, J. F. Hall, R. H. Escott, George Reynolds, G. Coes, W. J. Campbell, T. Arlington, Mat Cannon, Harry Seymour, and H. Kelly, with Charles Melville as agent. They took to the road in September, 1868.

CAMPBELL’S MINSTRELS: A. Campbell, proprietor, started from New York, and opened March 7, 1866, at New Brunswick, N. J. A. H. Bennett, William H. Bagley, A. Campbell, T. A. Bennett, H. Buhmier, P. Jones, J. Moffett, A. Williams, J. B. Vinah, John Heath, and George W. Knight.

CAMPBELL’S MINSTRELS: M. C. Campbell leased the Palace of Music, Sixth Avenue and Fourteenth Street, New York, made the necessary alterations, and opened with a minstrel band November 10, 1862, consisting of Ned Davis, George Gray, J. H. Clifford, Raynor, Eddie, Solomon, Mead, Hill, Gibbs, M. C. Campbell, Gripe, Livingston, Rozzi, Weitzer, and Johnson. Rumsey having lately arrived from England, opened November 24, and soon after Pic Butler, T. Waddee and Master Eddie appeared. They closed December 6 and went to Chicago, where the company appeared with great success. They remained there nearly three months, when they took to the road, opening in Baltimore, in March. J. H. Budworth, Johnny Booker, J. W. Hilton were added. Late in March, Dick Sands and Tim Hayes joined them. In July, 1863, Campbell opened at the New Bowery Theatre, New York, with the following people: Davis, Booker, Clifford, E. N. Slocum, Hilton, George Gray, N. W. Gould, T. Waddee, M. C. Campbell, Tannenbaum, Master Eddie, J. Ruig, .Sig. Ette, G. Hill, L. Bonny, E. Green and A. Sawyer. In May, 1864, he leased 199 and 201 Bowery (afterwards Tony Pastor’s Opera House), opposite Spring Street, New York, which he fitted up and opened June 27, with W. S. Budworth, A. Macaire, Gould, W. Hodgkins, J. Livingston, Ned Davis, Frank Leslie, J. T. Gulick, Robert Nichols, August Eben, John Whiting, Ainsley Scott, Adolph Nichols, Joseph Bailey, and Master Collins. J. M. Clifford opened August 8; Lew Myers, November 7; W. McManus, November 13; Johnny Booker, December 12. On January 16, 1865, R. M. Hooley became associated in the management with Mr. Campbell, when Cool Burgess, Hilton, Hayes and Hank Mudge appeared. In February, Mickey Warren, Master Reynolds, Donniker and T. B. Prendergast opened. The destruction by fire of Hooley’s Opera House, Brooklyn, caused J. H. Budworth, Griffin, Frank Hussey, Fred Abbott, George Clinton, George Parkinson and J. Stanwood to open here May 16. The season closed May 27, 1865.

CAMPBELL’S MINSTRELS: consisting of: Frank Wood, Harry Seymour, J. J. Kelly, Johnny Murray, W. J. Campbell, Ed Sweet, Thomas Arlington, J. H. Moore, J. F. Hall, Charles Coerg, George Hamilton, Mat Cannon, Tommy Pell, Dick Ferguson, Charles Melville, Johnny Booker, Dick Carroll, M. C. Campbell, the Reynolds Bros., formerly called the Utica Boys, James Kirkland, R. P. Ferguson, as agent, made a tour through Kentucky, in November, 1867.

CAMPBELL’S MINSTRELS: was a party organized in September, 1859, and traveled South. D. Gordon, W. W. Pierce, W. C. Mead, W. H. Campbell, Master Leon, J. H. Treifle, A. V. Hartley, L. M. Reese, G. H. Campbell, A. Nicholls, J. H. Nicholls, J. Bishop, W. H. Herman, E. Wilkson, F. Wheeler, C. Melville, and Renard were in the company.

CAMPBELL’S MINSTRELS: were organized in January, 1866, and gave their first show January 11 at Yonkers, N. Y. J. M. Hunter was manager. In the party were: M. C. Campbell, J. M. Hunter, Dick Bertheton, J. H. Sadler, R. W. Ferrier, C. B. Freeman, Master Jimmy, Joe Buckley, J. B. Bishop, Dick Willis, W. P. Melvin, Master Ned Campbell, H. B. Castle, and J. W. White.

CAMPBELLS, THE: This party was one of the many “Campbells” traveling. They visited Philadelphia in January, 1857. Jerry and Dan Bryant and Ben Cotton were in the party.

CANTERBURY MINSTRELS: consisting of Sam Sharpley, tambo; Max Irwin, bones; A. M. Hernandez, Paul Berger, T. Lamont, R. Abecco, E. Byron Christy, Frank Spear and W. Ross. This party opened at the Canterbury Music Hall, Broadway, New York, June 1, 1861. This was Sam Sharpley’s debut in New York.

CANTERBURY MINSTRELS: was a band that opened at Canterbury Music Hall, St. Louis, in September, 1861, and consisted of S. S. Purdy, bones; J. T. Boyce, tambo; A. Slocum, middle man; H. Freborthyser, E. W. Story, J. L. Davis, Ed Berry, and Charles Davis.

CANTERBURY MINSTRELS: was a first class minstrel party, engaged in March, 1862, at Canterbury Music Hall, Broadway, New York. They comprised: R. M. Carroll, E. Byron Christy, Billy Birch, Ben Cotton, J. A. Herman, W. Ross, Harry Wilson, and George Germaine.

CARNCROSS & DIXEY’S MINSTRELS: were organized in Philadelphia and consisted of J. L. Carncross, E. F. Dixey, Frank Moran, Charles Villiers, Charles Gibbons, George L. Hall, Edmunds, Ira Paine, James Lamont, P. Ambrosi, A. H. Rackett, P. Deverill, William Ziegler, T. a’Beckett Jr., R. F. Simpson, with Moran and Dixey on the ends. They opened at Sanford’s Old Opera House, Eleventh, near Market Street, April 14, 1862. In the summer they went on a traveling tour and re-opened in Philadelphia on August 10, 1863. In May, 1864, Frank Moran left and the season closed in June, 1864, when they went on the road. They re-opened in Philadelphia on August 15, 1864. Lew Simmons was added to the company, also M. Bryan and C. C. Villiers, wench. One week after opening, the Buffalo Boys opened and the season closed on June 17, 1865. They re-opened on August 21, 1865, with the following company: Lew Simmons, Harry Lehr, E. N. Slocum, J. Laurent, W. L. Hobbs, J. A. Palmer, the Buffalo Boys, Charles Villiers, E. Kerwin, Charles Gibbons, J. Brech, Carncross, Dixey, J. Holden, J. Paul, Thomas a’Beckett and Charles Stevens. The season closed June 9, 1866, and they went traveling. They re-opened in Philadelphia August 20. The house was closed on the evenings of May 27 and 28, 1867, in consequence of the death of Mr. Carncross’ father. The season closed June, 1867, and re-opened August 26, 1867, with J. E. Green added to the party. The season closed on June 13, 1868, and they went on a tour. During the following season Harry Lehr, Lew Simmons, Dixey, Slocum, George Charles, J. W. Lamont, T. J. Prestinch, and Master Eddie were in the party. They commenced the season of 1869-70 on August 23. In the first part were fifteen performers, who appeared in white pants and vests and black coats. The instrumental part was strong, as it consisted of two cornets, double bass, clarinet, harp, three guitars, two banjos, two violins, flute, bones and tambo. J. A. Barney, baritone; Carncross, tenor; Lamont, basso; and Charles Stevens, alto; E. N. Slocum, interlocutor; Lew Simmons, tambo; Dixey, bones; the Buffalo Boys, W. H. Rice, Harry Lehr, Charles Gibbons, and Masters Joseph and Eddie were in the company. In March, 1870, Simmons and Slocum withdrew. The season closed May 28, 1870, and they went on a tour. They commenced the next season on August 22, 1870, with Frank Moran, Harry Lehr, Bobby Newcomb, George H. Coes, Frank Arnold, Dixey, Carncross, J. H. Ross, John Armstrong, W. L. Hobbs, J. Cheever, E. Kennedy, George Charles, Charles Gibbons, Lamont, Charles Stevens, Prestinch, Holden, Bech, J. S. Paul, Samuel Hosfield, J. A. Barney, and Charles Mears in the company. The season closed April 18, 1871, and the troupe traveled for the summer. At the termination of the season, Carncross and Robert J. Simpson retired from the firm and the business and the party was then called DIXEY & MORAN’S MINSTRELS.

CARNCROSS & DIXEY: after dissolving partnership with Moran, organized a band in Philadelphia in November, 1872, and started from that city November 25. Carncross and Dixey were managers. In the party were A. J. Talbot, E. F. Dixey, Harry Talbot, John L. Carncross, J. A. Barney, Carl Rudolph, Harry Percy, Con Murphy, Tommy and Willie Daly, George Charles, and R. H. Stratford. Rudolph and Barney left in January, 1873. The company disbanded April 10, but reorganized and opened at the Arch Street Theatre, Philadelphia, May 26, 1873, for one week. They re-opened the Eleventh Street Opera House, Philadelphia, August 25, 1873, with Harry Talbot and Dixey on the ends. Cheever and Kennedy were in the company. On January 22, 1874, four end men (A. J. Talbot, J. H. Budworth, Dixey and Frank Moran) appeared for Carncross’ benefit. The season closed February 28, 1874, and they traveled. They opened their next season in Philadelphia on September 7, 1874, with Carncross, Dixey, Harry Lehr, Matt Wheeler, J. H. Budworth, Robert Frazer, Bobby Newcomb, Johnson, Powers, Charles Henry, Harry Percy, James Lamont, and James Quinn. Frank Moran appeared October 12, and Dixey opened the same date for the first time this season. The season closed February 27, 1875, and they went traveling. They commenced their next season in Philadelphia on August 30, 1875, with Carncross, Dixey, Harry Lehr, Matt Wheeler, Bobby Newcomb, Hernandez Foster, James Quinn, A. J. Talbot, Fred Walz, C. R. Clinton, Harry Percy, the Daly Bros., George Charles, L. C. Mettler, G. Frothingham, John and George Armstrong, George Hosfeld, R. Buckholtz, H. and S. Hosfeld, W. Streland, H. Parme, C. Kaufman, D. Bradford, and John Till. Hughey Dougherty appeared November 8. The season closed March 1876, and the company went to Baltimore, Md., for a short stay, but returned to Philadelphia, re-opened at their Opera House, and finally closed the season June 3, 1876. On September 4 they commenced their next season in Philadelphia with Cheevers, Kennedy, Weslyn, Casey, Hughey Dougherty, Matt Wheeler, Eugene, Templeton and others. Matt Wheeler left early in February, 1877, and Charles Sutton opened. They closed the season March 20, and they traveled. They re-opened at the Eleventh Street Opera House, Philadelphia, September 3, 1877, with Eugene, Wheeler, A. J. Talbot, George H. Edwards, Quinn, Casey, Weslyn, Rice, Griffin, J. C. Lacey, C. Templeton, George Frothingham, Carncross, Dixey and others. The season closed March 16, 1878, and they went traveling until May 11, when they returned to Philalelphia. The partnership existing between Carncross and Dixey was dissolved on September 24, and the minstrel band was afterward known as CARNCROSS’ MINSTRELS.

CARNCROSS & SHARPLEY’S MINSTRELS: gave their first performance August 22, 1860, at the Continental Theatre, Philadelphia, with Thomas Simpson, Frank Moran, Morris Edwards, Thomas A. Beckett, O. P. Perry, John Conrad, J. O. Fenrie, J. B. Pond, F. M. Fulton, J. L. Carncross, Sam Sharpley and Frank Brower. They closed in Philadelphia, October 20.

CARNCROSS’ MINSTRELS: opened for the season beginning September 2, 1878, with Slocum, Eugene, Matt Wheeler, Hughey Dougherty, Quinn, George Charles, E. M. Hall, Griffin, Rice, Weslyn, and Casey in the party. In the summer of 1896 Carncross retired to private life and was succeeded by Frank Dumont. He died in Philadelphia, November 13, 1911. Dumont was the next manager, with George W. Barber as lessee. He continued until April 17, 1909, when the house closed forever. In the company were Charles Turner, Jerry Cunningham, Ben Franklin, Gilbert Losee, Hughey Dougherty, Vaughn, Comfort, Matt Wheeler, Edwin Goldrick and J. R. Dempsey. Richard Lilly was musical director. In a few weeks the house was torn down.

CARROLL & EMMETT’S MINSTRELS: commenced a summer season at De Bar’s Opera House, St. Louis, Mo., June 1, 1868. R. M. Carroll was manager.

CARSON & BROWN: David Carson and Tom Brown organized a company for India and left Australia in August, 1861. They arrived in due time in Calcutta, where they astonished the Hindus and Mohamedans not a little with their representations of the sports and pastimes of the Ethiopian race in the United States of America. After performing a season at Calcutta with satisfaction to themselves and the public, they left the “City of Palaces” for a tour through Hindustan. The boys gave their entertainments all through the country, including Benares, the Holy City of the Hindus, Allahabad, Lucknow (where they performed in one of the King of Oude’s palaces), Cawnpore (where the terrible massacre occurred in 1857), Agra (formerly the resident of one of the “Great Moguls), Meerut (where the mutiny of ‘57, which came near costing England her magnificent Eastern Empire, first made its appearance), Delhi, in the absence of whose king, who was enjoying, for the benefit of his health, the balmy breezes of Rangoon, Carson did himself the honor of seating himself on the celebrated “Peacock Throne.” From Delhi to Umbala, Loodiankah, Anarkulle and Lahore, all in the Punjab, thence to Cashmere, where Dave was presented by the Rajah with a beautiful cashmere shawl. From Cashmere our traveler took his company to Simla in the Himalayan Mountains, a beautiful sanitarium, situated at about a height of 8,000 feet above the level of the sea. From Simla the company went back to Calcutta, showing on their return at nearly all the places they had visited before. After a second successful season at Calcutta, Carson went to Madras and from thence through to the Malabar country, touching at Goa, an ancient Portuguese settlement; so on to Bombay, the emporium of Western India, where their audiences, consisting of Pharisees, Europeans, Hindus, Musselmen, and a host of natives from all parts of Asia, greeted them at each performance with delight and hard silver, there being no greenbacks in that country. The company remained in India over five years, all the time as the San Francisco Minstrels, and there to not the slightest doubt that, owing to the facility with which Carson attained Hindistanese, the language of the country, and the manner in which he mimicked and caricatured a certain class of the native people, the great success with which the company met with was obtained. In May, 1866, the boys dissolved partnership, owing to the desire to see their native land once more.

CARTON, SPAULDING & MORTIMER’S ORIGINAL AMERICAN VOCALISTS: commenced a traveling season East in June, 1860. J. Mortimer, G. S. Carton, W. B. Spaulding, S. E. Wells, R. T. Hardy, A. I. Boswells (bones); E. Niles, I. S. Kent, and H. Channing were in the party.

CENTENNIAL MINSTRELS: See SIMMONS & SLOCUM’S MINSTRELS.

CHALLENGE MINSTRELS: was the title of a band that opened in Philadelphia at Sanford’s New Opera House in January, 1865, under the management of Collins & Co., but their life was but a brief one.

CHASE & HOWARD: organized a party in September, 1866. Pete Lee, Barney Williams, George Francis, Johnny Milton, George C. Franklin, Fred E. Mortimer, Allen Reynolds, Charles Bassett, William Briggs and Herr Shutter were in the party.

CHASE, PURDY, MURPHY & BUCKLEY: organized a band in New York in July, 1867, for the purpose of playing the small towns in the vicinity of New York. They gave their first entertainment July 18 in New York with S. S. Purdy, Charles Buckley, J. B. Murphy, George Leslie, R. Chase, Prof. Asche and a full brass band. CHASE’S MINSTRELS: opened at the hall, corner of Eighth Avenue and Thirty-fourth Street, New York, May 13, 1867, Horace A. Chase, manager and director. In the company were Hughey Dougherty, C. C. Templeton, S. S. Purdy, W. L. Hobbs, George H. Coes, J. Buckley, J. W. Hilton, J. W. Clark, Dave Reed, Charles Church, A. Nichols, W. Robertson, W. P. Grier, W. Fields, Charley Fox, M. Riley, R. H. Buchard, J. Wright, J. Wallace, John Savori, and H. Melville. They closed in two months and went traveling.

CHRISTY’S (GEORGE) MINSTRELS: in May, 1858, R. M. Hooley engaged George Christy (who had just retired from Wood’s Minstrels), Eugene, G. W. H. Griffin, M. Lewis, and Master Gus Howard—then members of Christy & Wood’s Minstrels—and with S. C. Campbell sailed for San Francisco to join the San Francisco Minstrels under Thomas Maguire’s management. They arrived there May 27 and opened at Maguire’s Opera House June 7. Lothian, Barker, George Coes, Abbott, and E. Deaves were in the party. Soon after they opened, Sam Wells appeared on one of the ends. As a compliment to George Christy, Mr. Hooley called them the GEORGE CHRISTY’S. In September, 1858, they made a tour of the interior and in October returned to San Francisco and re-appeared at Maguire’s. In January, 1859, a split took place in the party in consequence of a difficulty between Christy and Wells. After a stay of ten months on the Pacific Coast, George returned East with a band in partnership with R. M. Hooley; among whom were George Coes, Lothian, Eugene, and others. They went to New Orleans and opened at Odd Fellows Hall. They then came North and were in Cincinnati, April 25, 1859. E. Bowers, Eugene, S. C. Campbell, J. Herman, Master Gus Howard, Griffin, Koppitz, and Christerine. They were then known as HOOLEY & CHRISTY’S.

CHRISTY’S MINSTRELS: under the management of W. A. Christy, was organized in Chicago, Ill., November, 1859, and made a tour of the West. In the company were A. D. Groding, F. G. Fitch, George Florence, George Blish, Frank Sinclair, Jo Blish Jr., Old Ducrow, and Charles Moss. In June, 1861, W. A. Christy left the company at Toronto, Canada It then consisted of C. Lewis, George Tracy, A. Silberberg, L. C. Brimmer, Andy E. Morris, Charles Carples, Frank Kyle, W. McCracken, Harry Lawrence, E. Florence, and George Chilcoat. After Christy withdrew, the party was called FARR & THOMPSON’S.

CHRISTY’S (WILLIAM A.) MINSTRELS: organized in New York in 1861 and opened July 4, in Brooklyn. James H. Budworth, William A. Christy, Thomas McAnally were in the party. They made a tour through the West and closed in May, 1862.

CHRISTY’S MINSTRELS: W. A. Christy, manager, was a party that opened in Brooklyn, at the Opera House, corner of Court and Remsen Streets, early in September, 1862. Herman, Christy, Gray, Raynor, Wilson, Eastmead, Campbell, Schrans, Briesberg, Wood, Waddleton, Oldfield, Converse, Master Eddie, Little Bobby and Japanese Tommy. They very soon closed.

CHRISTY’S MINSTRELS: with W. A. Christy, manager, consisted of Harry Howard, W. A. Christy, Frank Howard, J. Rainer, Alphonso Carter, J. Hallman, and Master George. They opened at Christy’s Opera House (late Metropolitan Hall), corner of Randolph and LaSalle Streets, Chicago, in March, 1862.

CHRISTY’S MINSTRELS: under the management of James Christy, commenced a tour in August, 1864. John Thayer, F. Seymour, H. Stevens, Fred Thayer, Billy West, and G. Stevens.

CHRISTY’S (E. P.) MINSTRELS: were organized in New York and opened October 5, 1865, at Hudson, N. Y. In the party were J. H. Clifford, J. H. Taylor, M. Walsh, T. Waddee, George Germain, Charles Dunning, H. McFarland, R. Horn, G. Goff, W. Bishop, A. Gimber, W. Schwab and M. Lockwood. E. Byron Christy was manager.

CINCINNATI MINSTRELS: were organized in June, 1860, and opened in Cincinnati, Ohio, with J. G. Hathaway, Isaac Glascoe, Joseph A. Schloss, Dr. White, Gov. Wise, Mons. DeLand, Master Joseph Wise, Signor Julius Watson, John Brown, Elias Howard, and Will Williams.

CINCINNATUS MINSTRELS: were organized in Cincinnati, Ohio, in May, 1873, under the management of “Cincinnatus” (right name Mike O’Connor) and Harry Wilton, and gave their first performance May 5, 1873, at Xenia, Ohio.

CLARK & BRUNDAGE’S MINSTRELS: organized in Winona, Minn., in August, 1861, for a tour with Jimmy Clark, Alf Brundage, Thomas Williamson, William Strong, G. W. Hall, Walter Berry, F. Churchill, Lon Myers, R. Darby, and Joseph Cushion.

COES, PURDY & CONVERSE’S PARTY: organized In New York in March, 1867, with S. S. Purdy, George Coes, A. L. Bamford, Louis Nevers, Ned Davis, A. Silberberg, J. B. Hartley, Harry Norman, Henry Isaacs, T. D. Schultz, G. R. Frazier, Sig. Bellini, and J. W. Somers. They opened at Harlem March 19.

COLE, SLATER & HART’S MINSTRELS: started out October 11, 1869, and the party consisted of Charles Ball, Lew Cole, Billy Slater, Jimmy Hart, Joe Gallo, A. Prince, C. Young, Alex Gray, Lottie Lee, and Ada Garland. S. Sylvester was agent.

COLEMAN & WARD’S MINSTRELS: were organized in Fayette, Mich., where they opened July 20, 1874, with Tom Coleman, Harry Ward, John Nelson, W. A. Barron, E. B. Landon and C. M. Mendel..

COLLINS & HULMES’ MINSTRELS: opened in Philadelphia on November 20, 1871, at Friendship Hall, after which they went on a tour with the following company: S. S. Sanford, Add Collins, A. Hulmes, Paul Berger, Ed Achuff, Frank Solomon, and Jimmy Daly. Collins and Sanford were the end men.

COMBATIVE MINSTRELS, THE: was the name of a party organized by Hodge Chase, who opened July 12, 1864, with Charley Fox and Dave Reed on the ends and Savori, Hilton, Hobbs and others of Bryant’s Minstrels.

COMBINATION MINSTRELS: organized by Jack Haverly in the summer of 1864 for a tour through Michigan and the far West. Cool Burgess left the party in November and at the same time Sallie and Eliza Duval joined the party. In December the party consisted of Sallie and Eliza Duval, Nelly Haywood, Eva Blanchard, Nora Pyne, Edna Willis, L. J. Mayo, Carl Strauss, George Fields, J. Jones, Tom Whiting, Johnny Judge, Frank B. Wise, O. P. Sweet, Edward Mayo, Hugh Hamall, Harry Causland, Bobby Judge, M. Blessinger, Arthur Ferguson, and R. H. Armstrong, agent. Late in December, 1864, a partnership was formed by Haverly with J. W. Mallory, of Mallory’s Minstrels, and the two companies combined. They were then called HAVERLY & MALLORY’S MINSTRELS.

COMBINATION TROUPE: was the title of a party that started from New York, December, 1865, under the management of H. A. Fuller, for a tour through New Hampshire and Vermont. Frank George, M. J. Kerrigan, William McAllister, Mullins, Lewis, Clark, Sturgis and Allen comprised the company.

COMIQUE IRON CLADS: was a party that started out from Haverhill, Mass., on November 4, 1869.

COMMONWEALTH MINSTRELS: announced on May 1, 1876, that they would on that date commence their third season, although we can find no previous account of their existence. They traveled by wagons and the company in 1876 consisted of A. J. Bancroft, A. Benham, the Richardson Bros. (Tony and Charley), A. C. Knoll, A. D. Gates, R. W. Scoville, C. B. Leek and others. They reorganized in Ashtabula, Ohio, September, 1876, and made an extensive tour. On March 26, 1877, they commenced a tour through Ohio under the direction of Ame Lampman, opening at Rock Creek. Phillips, Richardson, Alf J. Bancroft, A. Benham, Fred A. Phelps, Scoville, Leek, Will E. Keeves, and the Richardson Bros.

CONGO MELODISTS: came into existence in 1842. And for a while were very popular. James Buckley, father of the Buckley Brothers, was the proprietor. This is said to be the first band to harmonize Negro melodies, operatic choruses, etc. R. Bishop, G.. Swain, and Frederick, the three sons, were the chief features and they made their debut at the Tremont Theatre, Boston, George Buckley being the principal tenor singer and comedian. Shortly after this (1844) they took the name of BUCKLEY’S MINSTRELS.

CONVERSE’S (FRANK) CAMPBELLS: See ORIGINAL MATT PEEL’S MINSTRELS.

CONWAY’S (WALTER) MINSTRELS: were organized in Baltimore Md., and opened December 19, 1866, at Manchester, Md. They consisted of Walter Conway, Nelse Conway, Harry Weston, Frank Clarkson, Harry Warfield, A. L. Hanline, P. Reinhardt, C. P. Fleming, J. H. Kaiser, P. Holbrook, M. Hamilton, F. Holbrook, and J. Lindall.

COOK’S (JOE) SABLE HARMONISTS: started from Boston for a tour West in November, 1860. Joe Cook, Mme. Joe Cook, Louise Webster, W. Barry, D. Wyatt, Master Willie, N. Rogers, W. F. Sparks, H. Cline, T. H. Brady, Sarah Price, and Frank Meekes.

COSMOPOLITAN MINSTRELS: were organized in May, 1860, and traveled through New Jersey and Pennsylvania with Johnny Pierce, J. Quinn, Johnny Neil, J. H. Collins, Henry Wilks, J. W. Hilton, D. Harper, George Wilks, J. Keith, Herr Van Lathr, L. M. Ford, Original Young America, and William A. Christy. Beasley & Smith were proprietors.

COTTON & REED’S NEW YORK MINSTRELS: were organized by John Simpson (treasurer for Bryant’s Minstrels for many years), Ben Cotton and Dave Reed. They opened at Bryant’s Opera House, Twenty-third Street, near Sixth Avenue, New York, August 23, 1875. In the company were A. E. Voos, Bob Hart, J. W. Lamont, J. J. Kelly, Dave Reed, Charles Templeton, Ben Cotton, Brockway, W. Raymond, E. M. Hall, Morton, Bernardo, Clark, Pearce, and Bideaux. Eugene appeared September 13; October 23, Bob Hart left; Eugene withdrew October 30; and the season closed very unsuccessfully on November 13.

COTTON, MURPHY AND SMITH’S CALIFORNIA MINSTRELS: were organized in New York in February, 1865, and gave their first show at Newport, R. I., February 25. Ben Cotton and Joe Murphy were on the ends. J. Tannenbaum, W. H. Lewis (William Henry Rice), Frank Campbell, R. Tyrrell, J. Crosher, J. Murphy, W. H. Smith, F. Blum, George Clarendon, H. Barker, H. Koehler, and George Ross. In July, 1865, they took a rest, after which they reorganized and started out, giving their first show September 2, 1865, at Pawtucket, Mass. They closed up in July, 1866, then reorganized and opened September 1, 1866. Ben Cotton, Master Bennie (Cotton), Jake Budd, Charles H. Atkinson, George Monk, Thomas McNally, Joe Norrie, Frank Campbell, Harry Walters, Thomas Sears, Erastus Clapp, Ned Clapp, Fred King, C. N. Cotton and the “Empire Boys,” Johnny and Willie Budd (Welch and Rice). H. E. Parmelee was agent. J. Tannenbaum joined early in September. Smith shortly after withdrew from the company and proceeded to San Francisco, Cal., where he married, September 24, 1866, Clara Sager, the youngest of the three Sager Sisters. Murphy also withdrew a few weeks after Smith and he also went to San Francisco. Ben Cotton continued with the party on the road.

COTTON’S (BEN) COMPANY: organized a band and opened January 19, 1867, at Norwich, Conn. The company consisted of Frank Campbell, Jake Budd, Empire Boys, Charley Atkinson, Joe Norrie, Master Bennie Cotton and Ben Cotton. H. E. Parmelee started with them as agent but E. P. Kendall (without exception the best advance agent ever seen in America) joined them in March. The party closed December 26, 1867, in Kalamazoo, Mich., in consequence of bad business. They reorganized a short time after, but closed in June, 1868.

COURTNEY & SANFORD’S MINSTRELS: was a party made up in New York to travel with Courtney & Sanford’s Circus in South America. They consisted of: Billy Watson, Dave Wilson, J. K. Campbell, John F. Oberist, Carl Rudolph, J. B. Carter, Harry Percy, J. G. Rampone and orchestra. They sailed from New York July 23, 1873.

CROSS, BOSSARDET & DUMONT’S ORIGINAL PONTOONS: organized and opened in Portsmouth, N. H., December 14, 1866, and consisted of John C. Cross, tambo; Frank Bossardet, bones; Hen Willey, interlocutor; W. H. Parks, John Morgan, William Carlin, Dickey Simmons, Charles J. Howard, Harry Andrews, Ned Parks, Jerry Dashington, Billy Morris, H. Bloodgood, Master Dixie, Alfred Dumont and Harry Robinson.

CROSS, FAY & MCALLISTER’S MINSTRELS: gave their initial show December 7, 1865, at Troy, N. Y., Billy McAllister and Jimmy Fay on the ends. Prof. Alder, C. P. Blake, J. C. Converse, W. L. Wilson, Henry Moore, Frank Ripley, James Fay, J. K. Whitcomb, J. B. Griffin, E. E. Jones, W. H. De Forrest, Henry Wildman and J. H. Pierce. J. C. Cross was manager. J. McAndrews and George Winship, who had but just arrived from California, opened with this party November 14, 1864. The season closing in May, Campbell disposed of his interest to Mr. Hooley, who became sole proprietor and manager.

DASHINGTON & KLING’S AEOLIANS: consisted of: Jerry Dashington, Master Wagner, Harry Hambrighter, Billy Morris, Fred Williams, Frank Dumont, J. B. Carter, Thomas Yates, and Masters Willie and Charley. They started for an Eastern tour in March, 1869.

DAVIS & CO.’S “CHRISTY’S” MINSTRELS: started from Toledo, Ohio, and gave their first show September 24, 1873, with Christy, Hooley, Richardson Bros., Lew Hallett, J. T. Cook, and Prof. Smith.

DAVIS’ (NED) OHIO MINSTRELS: were organized in Cincinnati, Ohio, in October, 1855, by Dr. Spalding and Charles Rogers. The steamboat Banjo was built expressly for this band by Dr. Spalding for the purpose of visiting the river towns of the West and South. They gave their first show at Lawrenceburg, Ind. The company consisted of Ned Davis and Silas Weed on the ends, E. N. Slocum, C. B. Griste (then a musician), Levi Brown, Master J. W. Adams, W. Penn Lehr, William Plato, J. Woodruff and Charles Sidestriker. Joel E. Warner was agent.

DAVIS’ (NED) TROUPE: organized a band in New York, in May, 1867. They consisted of Ned Davis, Harry Robinson, L. M. Reese, Billy Blair, J. D. Roome, Frank Dumont, T. Buckley, J. Lerche, John Allen, and J. Dixon.

DINGESS & GREEN’S MINSTRELS: organized in Chicago, Ill., and opened in Champaign, Ill., November 18, 1866, with Delehanty, Harry Stanwood, J. E. Green and Young Hengler. John A. Dingess was manager and L. M. W. Steere was advance agent.

DIXEY & MORAN’S MINSTRELS: was formerly CARNCROSS & DIXEY’S MINSTRELS. Moran and Dixey opened the season in Philadelphia on October 2, 1871, with Theodore Jackson, James Walters, J. C. Lacy, J. G. Russell, Harry Stanwood, G. W. Charles, A. J. Talbot, Turner, Hogan, Moran, Dixey, J. H. Ross, W. L. Hobbs, Joseph Walters, J. A. Armstrong, S. Hosfield, J. O. Weisenborn, J. Bech, S. A. Meyer, H. Cummings, O. Braun, D. Wild, C. Weeks, and W. Brown. McAndrews was there the first week. G. W. H. Griffin appeared December 11. The season closed May 25, 1872, and the company made a traveling tour. While on this traveling trip, Carncross entered into co-partnership with Moran and Dixey and traveled with them as the tenor. The spring of 1871, Carncross left minstrelsy and entered the mercantile business. The party opened in Philadelphia August 26, 1872, with Japanese Tommy, the Buffalo Boys, J. J.. Kelly, and Fred Walz added to the forces; also William Hamilton, baritone. During the week commencing September 9 and the following week, the troupe, except the end men, appeared in white faces and Lou Brimmer was engaged. A dissolution of partnership took place September 24, Moran becoming sole proprietor and the troupe was then known as FRANK MORAN’S MINSTRELS.

DIXEY’S MINSTRELS: composed entirely of home talent, organized in Piqua, Ohio, in May, 1861, and visited the neighboring towns. They traveled on a packet called the Dixey. Billy Manning was the bones, and it was with this party that he made his first appearance before the public. Jack Smith was tambo. They gave their first show at Tippecanoe, after which they visited all the towns along the canal. They returned to Piqua in a few weeks, reorganized and made a tour of the West, starting September 1. Very soon after starting the treasurer decamped with all the funds, which caused the party to collapse.

DOBSON’S SERENADERS: organized and made a tour through the West in August, 1858, for a few weeks only. C. E. Dobson was one of them.

DONALDSON’S ETHIOPS: in 1853, William B. Donaldson had a band at Hope Chapel, 718- 720 Broadway, New York. David Wambold was in the company. On January 15, 1855, he had Wambold, Baker, Malvin Turner, Atherton, Miss Celestine and Adelaide (dancers), Billy Quinn and Emmett, afterward known as Harry Huntington. In the summer he went on a traveling tour, returning to New York and opening at the Academy (Stuyvesant) Hall, 663 Broadway, opposite Bond Street, with Perrine, G. W. Moore, Sinclair, J. W. Byer, Langdon, W. N. Smith, Sam Wells and Billy Quinn.

DOUGHERTY (HUGHEY), JOHNNY WILD, MASTER BARNEY & LITTLE MAC’S MINSTRELS: were organized in Boston for a traveling tour and opened in Lowell, Mass., July 17, 1869; and they closed their season September 25, when they joined Morris Brothers in Boston, September 27.

DOUGHERTY (HUGHEY), LESLIE & BRAHAM: were managers of a minstrel band traveling in South Africa in November, 1873. In the party were: Dougherty, W. S. Leslie, Braham, Cox, Turner and Harvey. Dougherty arrived in London, England from Cape of Good Hope on November 25, 1874.

DOUGHERTY’S (HUGHEY) COMPANY: opened the Alhambra Palace, Philadelphia, June 18, 1877, with a minstrel party consisting of George Thatcher, George Harley, Fred Walz, J. G. Russell, J. J. Kelly, Charles Stevens, C. F. Shattuck and Prof. Hosfeld. A variety entertainment followed the minstrel performance.

DUMBOLTON’S SERENADERS: S. A. Wells and Jerry Bryant in the party, the latter taking the place made vacant by Pell (bones). They played the St. James Theatre, London, one year and eight months.

DUPREZ AND BENEDICT’S MINSTRELS: See SHOREY, CARLE, DUPREZ & GREEN’S MINSTRELS. They closed their fourteenth annual tour at St. Catherines, Canada, in July, 1867. The party then took a vacation, being announced as the first one in five years. This party opened in Philadelphia at the Seventh Street Opera House (Seventh Street, below Arch) on October 25, 1869. L. E. Hicks, Lew Benedict, J. L. Woolsey, G. Bishop, Charles Reynolds, Frank Dumont, Charles Gleason, Frank Pankhurst, Lewis Collins, W. Richards, J. Robinson, G. Wilkes, Calixa Lavallee, and Frank Kent. The last appearance (save one) in public of “Uncle” Frank Brower was with this company on December 18, 1869. He played Ginger Blue in “Virginia Mummy.” They closed in Philadelphia, May 7, 1870, and went traveling. One of their novelties was four end men: Dougherty and Benedict, tambo; and Reynolds and Gleason, bones. They opened in San Francisco at the California Theatre, August 8, 1870. After a successful season on the Pacific Slope, they returned East and opened at the Seventh Street Opera House, Philadelphia, November 19, 1870. Arlington joined them November 28 and on December 17 they closed in Philadelphia and went traveling. For the season of 1873-74, the company consisted of C. H. Duprez, Lew Benedict, Frank Dumont, George H. Edwards, Frank Kent, Joseph T. Gulick, W. W. Herman, George J. Lennox, Ferd Heinrich, C. C. Palmer, Fox, Ward, T. B. Dixon, D. H. Smith, B. Kreich, and L. N. Van Horn. The season closed July 4 and the next season was commenced September 7, 1874, with Benedict, Joseph Fox, Frank Kent, Dixon, Heinrich, W. F. Toomey, Killian Willis, John Whitcomb, Joseph T. Gulick, Dumont, Palmer and others. On August 17, 1875, Duprez became sole manager and proprietor, having that day bought all of Benedict’s interest. George E. Edwards, Sam Price, J. T. Gulick, D. H. Smith, Frank Kent, John Latour, Heinrich, Fox, Ward, W. M. Hogan, Frank Dumont, and others made up the company at that time. They closed the season June 5, 1876, a continuous one of twenty-two months. They started out again in September. Wash Norton appeared on the bone end at the latter part of the season. Duprez again started September 11, 1876, with George H. Edwards and Joseph Fox, tambo; Billy West and Ward, bones; J. T. Gulick, interlocutor; Andrew Vail and Frank Dumont, tenor; Dunk H. Smith, balladist. They closed the season June 16, 1877. The next season opened September 17, 1877, with Dumont, W. F. Tithill, Heinrich, Gulick, John Harris, Joseph Fox, Archie White, William Ward, John B. Murphy, J. Reese, Harry Pierson, William Haynes, Billy Ayres and others in the company.

DURANT & HAYWOOD’S CAMPBELLS: was under the management of N. F. and W. Hayward, formerly of the NEW ENGLAND BANDS. They organized in April, 1859: W. F.. Durant, basso; A. J. Talbot, bones; Master McAnally, jig and wench; W. Hayward, tenor; E. J. Melville, guitar. They disbanded December 17, 1859, in Chicago.

EDWARDS & SHOREY’S MINSTRELS: was an organization traveling through Pennsylvania in April, 1863, consisting of Bob Edwards, J. G. H. Shorey, J. Purcell, H. Wharfe, E. H. Young, Charles Rivers, A. Jardula, T. Moore, and J. Carl.

EDWARDS’ (BOB) COMBINATION: was a musical party organized in New Jersey in April, 1865, and opened on the 19th at Trenton, N.J., with Bob Edwards, Dan Howard, Bill Barker, Harry Hoyt, Joe Cook, Willie Budd (Billy Welch), Jake Budd, G. Bechle, Frank Solomon, T. H. Kellogg, Johnny Rice, and Julia Edwards.

ELDRIDGE’S MINSTRELS: was a company organized in Eastport, Me., August 1, 1865, by James Eldridge for a tour through Maine. Eldridge was middle man; Joe Folsom, bones; George Patterson, tambo; Henry Harrington, George Clark, Samuel Patterson, George Sweet, Frank Gleason, Walter Bradish, George Knox, and Dick Welsh.

EMERSON & MANNING’S MINSTRELS: formerly EMERSON, ALLEN & MANNING’S, re-appeared in Cincinnati, at Wood’s Theatre, May 31. They located at the Dearborn Street Theatre, situated on Dearborn Street, between Madison and Washington, Chicago, Ill., in September, 1869, with the following company: Emerson, Manning, Bob Hart, J. R. Kemble, Rollin Howard, Lew Brimmer, Mike Kannane, C. S. Fredericks, G. W. Jackson, Harry Norman, J. F. Dunnie, J. J. Kirby, Charles Hunnneman, Frank Bowles, Jules Seidel, H. Anson, J. Pfeifer, W. Ross, and W. Hathaway. Emerson withdrew late in January, 1870, and the company was then known as MANNING’S MINSTRELS..

EMERSON, ALLEN & MANNING’S MINSTRELS: gave their first show at Williamsburg, L. I., early in June, 1868. In the organization were Emerson, Manning, bones; Johnny Allen, tambo; Dr. J. Hanmer, E. S. Rosenthal, C. Wheaton, G. H. Clark, Edwin Holmes, C. A. Boyd, Frank Bowles, Harry French, Richard Willis, Harry Kelly, Charles Holly, William King, P. Hanratler, Henry Elliott, Martin Setz, and Master Eddie Manning. They opened at Tony Pastor’s Opera House, on the Bowery, New York, June 29, 1868. On July 20, George F. McDonald, the actor, made his bow in burnt cork. They opened in Cincinnati, August 3, at Pike’s Music Hall. They then made a tour of the country, opening at the Fourth Street Theatre, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 26, 1868, and then made another traveling trip. They returned to Cincinnati and opened at Mozart Hall on April 26, 1869, where they stayed one week and then went to St. Louis. Johnny Allen left in May, 1869, and J. R. Kemble, C. S. Fredericks, Jules Seidel and Sig. Marks joined them. The party then became known as EMERSON & MANNING’S.

EMERSON’S (BILLY) MINSTRELS: were organized in Chicago, Ill., and gave their first performance February 11, 1870, at Ottawa, Ill., with the following in the company: Billy Emerson, John Pierce, H. Meismer, Lew Brimmer, Charles A. Boyd, Henry Schultz, William Butler, W. B. Rudolph (later known as Carl Rudolph, and whose right name was Wilber Barrill); A. W. Hall, A. Rider, Yates, F. King, A. Johnson; C. B. Griste, agent; Beaumont Duhring, treasurer. The Reynolds Bros. were shortly after added to the company. After a successful traveling season, a re-organization took place and they left Cincinnati for California on November 13, 1870, under the management of Thomas Maguire, at whose opera house, Washington Street in San Francisco, they opened on November 23. Billy Emerson, J. H. Budworth, George and Charles Reynolds, Charles Fostelle, M. Ainsley Scott, Con T. Murphy, Charles A. Boyd; and C. B. Griste, business manager, were all that went from Cincinnati. But after arriving there they were strengthened by the addition of Charley Rhodes, Johnny De Angelis, George T. Evans, H. Eytinge, Louis Broharm, T. Blamfin, J. Book, and an orchestra of ten pieces. They closed at Maguire’s on Sunday, February 26, 1871, and opened at the Alhambra on Bush Street, February 27. During the season Bideaux, S. S. Purdy, James Collins, Martha Wren, A. M; Hernandez, Sheridan and Mack, Charles Vivian, J. H. Milburn, and Cool Burgess appeared. When the party first opened in San Francisco, C. B. Griste was the business manager; but when they appeared at the Alhambra he was the manager. On November 5, 1871, Emerson, with a portion of the band, closed and went on a traveling tour. The Reynolds Bros., Fostelle, Scott and others were in the party. On November 7, Kelly and Leon and S. S. Purdy, with a newly organized band, opened. Charles Howard, bones; Purdy, tambo; Arthur Stanley, Robinson, Bideaux, and Fanny Gibson were the additions. They closed in San Francisco, May 26, 1872, and went on a tour. They opened in New York September 2, 1872, at Lina Edwin’s Theatre, under the management of Thomas Maguire, and Emerson and Carl Rudolph opened November 11, and the season closed November 16, owing to bad business. Emerson and Maguire left for California. On the 12th of May, 1873, he organized a small party, consisting of M. Ainsley Scott, G. W. Rockefeller, Charles Boyd and W. Verner, and sailed for Australia under George Coppin’s management. On their arrival in Melbourne they added to their party several performers then in that city and opened at St. George’s Hall August 2, but did not at first meet with success owing to their having doubled the usual prices of admission. Holly, Buckley, and W. H. Campbell were the new faces added to the party. They afterwards played at the Prince of Wales’ Theatre in Melbourne for nine weeks to the largest houses ever known in the colonies. On June 6, 1874, Emerson left the party and sailed from Sydney for California, and soon after his arrival in San Francisco he joined Maguire’s party at the Alhambra.

EMMETT & BROWER’S MINSTRELS: had Dan Emmett and Frank Brower as the chief attractions and the party was one of the strongest on the road.

EMMETT & LUMBARD’S PARTY: were organized April 26, 1858, and opened at Irvine’s Hall, St. Paul, Minn., for the summer. Dan Emmett, Frank Lumbard, Johnny Ritter and R. Moore were in the party.

EMPIRE BAND: was traveling in January, 1860, and were composed of Frank Applegate, L. H. Freeman, Harry Bull, J. Brown, H. Barnes, G. Barnes, Master H. Nobles, and C. Weir. They organized in Auburn, N.Y.

ETHIOPIAN SERENADERS: held forth a Vauxhall Garden, New York, late in 1844 and afterwards appeared at the Elysian Fields, Hoboken, N.J. Jerry Bryant, H. Mestayer, J. P. Carter, Raymond, and Jim Sanford were in the company. Sanford made a feature of the performance with his Congo drum.

ETHIOPIAN SERENADERS: See VIRGINIA SERENADERS.

EUREKA MINSTRELS: in January, 1864, were holding forth in San Francisco. Fred Wilson, who arrived from Shanghai, opened January 31, and on February 28 Backus and Bernard appeared. David Wambold, Sam Wells, and Master Lewis had appeared on February 22. Maguire opened the Metropolitan Theatre, Sacramento, on February 26, 1864, with Backus, Burbank, Bernard, Abecco, Barnwell, DeAngelis and Fred Wilson. In March they made a tour of the interior.

EUREKA MINSTRELS: See BACKUS’ (CHARLEY) ORIGINAL MINSTRELS.

EXCELSIOR OPERA TROUPE: were traveling in Indiana in December, 1860, with Smith, Pierce & Manning, managers.

EXCELSIORS: See CAMBELL’S MINSTRELS.

FARNSWORTH’S MINSTRELS: consisting of Ned Farnsworth, Lewis Wilson, George R. Penn, Frank Preston, W. E. Lorraine, Archy Ray, George Scott, Colin Mayne, E. Kendall, Charles Long, R. D. Gillette, and C. H. Brace, organized in December, 1863, and traveled East.

FARR & THOMPSON’S MINSTRELS: a re-organization from CHRISTY’S MINSTRELS, took place with J. T. Ainsworth, Matt Thompson, and George Gray joining, while Lewis Tracy, Silberberg, Laurence, Florence, and Chilcoat withdrew. In July, W. S. Farr became sole proprietor. They organized a brass band in conjunction with their troupe. They closed the season in Newark, August 2, 1661, but took to the road again in a few weeks. A reorganization took place in New York in June, 1863.

FARR & THOMPSON’S: See CHRISTY’S MINSTRELS.

FARRENBERG & BROWN’S (JOE) OHIO MINSTRELS: See OHIO MINSTRELS.

FERDINAND & SOLOMON’S MINSTRELS: were organized in December, 1863, and consisted of M. B. Leavitt, tambo; J. Ferdinand, bones; Frank Solomon, J. L. Sanford, Fred Ashley, Charles La Borde, E. J. Hirst, and C. Swain.

FISKE & HOLTON’S HARMONIANS: were organized in Worcester, Mass., in May, 1866, with Billy Taber, bones; Billy Dixon, tambo; Harry Richardson, Wally Parks, H. Stanley, Justin Joslyn, Bob Evans, Henry Hankley, and J. Hessions. They closed the season at Clinton, Mass., July 7, 1866. Leban Fiske sold out his interest to Holton and retired from the profession. The company was reorganized by Holton with Billy Dixon, Bob Evans, Billy Taber, Thomas McCone, Ned West, Harry Richardson, John B. Gates, W. Joslyn, Wally Jason, E. H. Howe, Harry Lincey, and Ed D. Horton. They opened in Providence.

FITZ GERMAN MINSTRELS: were composed of Hughey Hagert, Richard Gorman, Harry Brown, Howard Egbert, Harry Blanchard, W. H. Stanley, Bideaux, Fred Romher, G. A. Bernard and a silver band of eleven pieces. George Cole was proprietor and Val Rolewski, leader. They started early in March, 1873, and they had not been out many days when Cole deserted them, leaving salaries due to all.

FLORENCE’S ALABAMA MINSTRELS: was a new party that was organized in Boston, Mass., and opened May 2, 1863. Joseph Nugent, bones; Dan Wheeler, tambo; George W. Florence, John Ryder, R. A. Birchley, Ben Shepard, W. Cannon, Harry Jordan, J. H. Andrews, H. Schipp, A. Jigger, L. Brown, W. F. Asche, C. H. Greene, and Prof. Gilbert.

FORD, WEST & BLANCHARD’S CREOLE MINSTRELS: started in July, 1859, with Dad Edwards, bones; Harry Blanchard, banjo; Frank West, Prof. Brisco, violin; and J. Studley, basso.

FORREST’S MINSTRELS: were traveling in Kentucky in July, 1865. F. Ransom, Sile Weed, Early Miller, Jim Morris, J. M. Forrest, Lewis Walters, P. Marks, and J. C. Carroll.

FOSTER’S MINSTRELS: organized in New York in January, 1863, and traveled East and New York State with W. H. Brockway, Jules Stratton, W. Blythe, W. Waters, Carl Spentz, Johnny Booker, O. H. Carter, George Wrightman, W. Butler, E. Mills, J. Gaynor, and Charles Wood. In July, 1863, this party was called THE AMAZONS. Foster quit them in Albany soon after starting out. Johnny Booker also withdrew, as he stated at the time that there was no responsible head to the concern. There was a regular breaking-up, but H. S. Rumsey took charge and after re-organizing started out calling the party RUMSEY’S MINSTRELS.

FOX & SHARPLEY’S MINSTRELS: opened at Stuyvesant Institute, New York, October 7, 1861. George Gray, ballads; S. Sharpley and C. H. Fox had the ends. Dave Reed and Joe Childs were in the company. They closed there October 20.

FOX & WARDEN’S MINSTRELS: occupied St. James Hall, London, England, in October, 1859. They did a very good business. H. Drummond, C. Fox, and Mert Sexton were in the party. The proprietors dissolved partnership in May, 1860. Fox became sole proprietor and continued in the company. They appeared shortly after in Liverpool.

FOX’S OPERATIC TROUPE (not Charles H. Fox): organized in Maryland in November, 1859, and traveled. Fox, F. Buckingham, R. Turner Jr., D. Porter, H. Talbot, R. Sullivan, S. J. Stean, and Master Harry comprised the party.

FRONTIER MINSTRELS: were organized in Eastport, Me., where they first performed, January 11, 1866. George Patterson was interlocutor; Harry Harrington, bones; Samuel Patterson, tambo; W. Braddish, George Clark, Master Toney (clog), and Charles Scott.

GALESBURGH MINSTRELS: were organized in Galesburgh, in May, 1858, and opened at the Opera House under Pardy & Daniels’ management with Gus Howard, T. B. Johnson, J. O. Noyes, S. V. Shelly, Frank Gray and S. S. Shepard. They were located there for the summer.

GAYLORD & DUPONT’S: during the season of 1854, this party opened in Philadelphia at the old Southwark Hall in Second Street. They occupied the premises nearly four years.

GAYLORD, FOWLER & HOGAN: opened in Kansas City, March 24, 1866, with a party. D. Camp was the manager and true to his name he “decamped” the second night with what funds there were.

GEMS OF CAMPBELLS: See ORIGINAL MATT PEEL’S MINSTRELS.

GEORGIA CHAMPIONS: was one of the many troupes that started out, emboldened to try their fortunes. They organized and opened in Providence, R. I., July, 1845. They had the original Jake Hunter (Mr. Ryder), banjoist; also the original Juba, then in his best trim; Tom Fluter, Juba, tambo; Pierce, bones; Russell, accordion.

GEORGIA MINSTRELS: a band organized by Sherry Corbin of colored performers in San Francisco for Australia. They opened in Newcastle, December 18; 1876, and appeared in Sydney, N. A. W., December 26, at the School of Arts. After playing there two weeks they proceeded to Melbourne, where they soon after burst up.

GEORGIA MINSTRELS: a party of gentlemen of color which was formed by C. H. Hicks, who opened with them at the Broadway Opera House, 600 Broadway, New York, July 20, 1867, with Lew Johnson, bones; C. Arlington, tambo; Smith, Benson, C. B. Hicks, ballads; Dick Little, banjo; A. L. Smith, essence. In April, 1868, they were in Aspinwall. They occupied the Empire Rink, Third Avenue and Sixty-third Street, New York, in June, 1869, with George Danforth, bones; Bob Height, Alf Smith and C. B. Hicks in the party. McMillan and Coats were managers. They sailed for Hamburg, Germany, January 25, 1870, arriving there early in February and opened February 10. They made a tour of the provinces and closed in April and several of them joined SAM HAGUE’S SLAVE TROUPE. C. B. Hicks started with this party September 9, 1871, for a tour through Pennsylvania. George Skillings, Bob Height, Dick Weaver, Banks, Kersands and T. Drewette were added to the forces. On December 22 they appeared in New York at the Eighth Avenue Opera House. In March, 1872, Charles Callender bought the interest of Mr. Temple in this troupe and became sole proprietor. They opened at Lina Edwin’s Theatre (formerly Kelly & Leon’s Hall), New York, June 10, with Bob Height, Dick Little, Billy Wilson, James Grace, Pete Devonear, Kersands, Smith, L. Pierson, and C. B. Hicks. In March, 1873, the company was made up of the following people: Height, Little, Kersands, Devonear, Grace, Al Smith, L. Pierson, Jake Zabriskie and others. C. B. Hicks was agent. This party temporarily disbanded in December, 1874, and reorganized in January, 1875, with W. A. Mahara as manager and the following company: C. A. Crusoe, William Sanders, Locke Warinch, Mills, Master Burnham, C. Wright Harris, Samuel Butler, Alf White, Bob Turner, Benjamin Jackson, F. Burnell, D. A. Bowman, J. R. Matlock, A. Jackson, C. Morton and C. B. Hicks. D. B. Hodges, who started with the party in January, was relieved by John A. Warner in February.

GIBBS’ (CLARK) MINSTRELS: consisting of Jim Wood, Clark Gibbs, John C. Murphy, J. W. Corcoran, Juan Costello, John Freeberthyser, George Wallace, Sig. Forresi, Harry Alberts, George Barker, and Master Francis. They opened November 12, 1866, in Indianapolis, Ind.

GIRARD’S MINSTRELS: organized in July, 1859, in St. Louis, Mo., and opened at Girard Hall under the management of A. McDonald with Frank Lynch, Frank Forester, Tommy Pell, Charles Correll, J. Wood, M. Lutz, J. Donniker, J. Smith and Pete Morris.

GLOBE MINSTRELS: opened at the Globe Theatre, Broadway, New York, November 27, 1871, with G. W. H; Griffin, James H. Budworth, bones; William Budworth, tambo; D. S. Vernon, Arthur McKoun, Stiles, Phelps and others.

GOOGIN’S (DAN) MINSTRELS: organized at Winona, Minn., where they opened June 20, 1872. They collapsed in six weeks at Lake City. Hi Price was in the company.

GRAVELEY’S (EDWARD) MINSTRELS: started from Baltimore, Md., October 8, 1878, with Harry T. Leonard, Barry, Gray, James Woodie, Charles Wattell, William Baker, William B. Harris, John Larmer, R. H. Tarrcent, Dave Graham, George Pritchard, George Browning, Master George Miller, Henry Silver, Ed Gerst, Ed Burton, and Ed Graveley.

GREAT ETHIOPIAN SERENADERS: was the title of a party so billed in 1845 to distinguish them from numberless “Serenaders.” They performed at F. S. Myers’ saloon, Eighth and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, as early as January 14. The prices of admission were: parquet, 25¢; recess, 12½¢. Young Sweeney, Purcell, Master Mitchell, Sam Sanford, “Ole Bull” Myers, B. Boyce, Frank Rosston, and Miss Shaw were in the party.

GREAT MINSTRELS OF THE UNITED STATES: was the title of an organization formed in Cincinnati, Ohio, and who gave their first show on December 1, 1873, in Troy, Ohio. They consisted of Charles Bartine and John Maur, end men; “Cincinnatus,” St. Leon, Harry De Lave, Billy Harland, George M. Hill, Edwin Logan, Alf De Witt, Frank Leon, W. E. Harlan, R. Crandall and orchestra. George A. Russell and Alf De Witt were managers. The company collapsed at Rock Island in December, 1874.

GREEN’S MOCKING BIRD MINSTRELS: Green & Hillsburgh, proprietors, consisted of Jules Stratton, C. Melville, Myers, Emmett, Mike Kannane, Lewis Mairs, Myron Lewis (wench), C. B. Reynolds, and Johnny Booker. They opened December 15, 1865, in Troy, N. Y. Green and Hillsburgh dissolved partnership January 2, 1866. At Columbus, Ohio, the company collapsed, February 20, 1866, owing to too much female management. It was reorganized and opened March 5, but burst up for the second time March 23, at Schenectady, N. Y. They reorganized, the company took to the road, opening at Meriden, Conn., March 12, 1868, with Pete Celeste, J. G. H. Shorey, Lon Chapin, Willis Armstrong, S. Benedict, H. Wray, and J. E. Green.

GRIFFIN & CHRISTY’S: See BUDWORTH’S MINSTRELS.

GRIFFIN & CHRISTY’S MINSTRELS: with Billy Sheppard and Johnny Collins, from California, opened January 21. Collins on the bone end and Christy, tambo. J. Stohr and T. Condron were proprietors. Otto Burbank also appeared in the olio. They closed June 27, 1867, and went traveling. They shortly after leased Union Hall, corner of Twenty-third Street and Broadway, which they opened July 29, 1867: George Christy, bones; Otto Burbank, tambo; W. Hodgkins, C. F. Shattuck; G. W. H. Griffin, interlocutor; George Leslie, Neil Rogers, Fred Abbott, Hogan, John Savori, Hughes, C. Percival, Joseph Prendergast, and James Morrison. They closed and went traveling September 23, 1867.

HAGUE’S (SAM) GEORGIA SLAVE TROUPE: were organized in Georgia by W. H. Lee in June, 1865. They traveled North and visited Utica, N. Y., in 1866. The party was then and there secured by Sam Hague and sailed for Europe June 16, 1866. They arrived in Liverpool and opened there at the Theatre Royal, July 9. Japanese Tommy, Sam Pride, Mallory, Slatter, Brooker, Neil Solomon, John Graves, Fernando, Johnson, and Jacobs, all colored, were in the party. Lee accompanied them as business manager. A minstrel performance with real Negroes proved a failure and Hague went on a traveling tour, which was anything but successful. After a trial of a few months, Hague advertised in the London papers for a partner; then, after eighteen months, he changed the troupe into a white one, secured St. James Hall, Liverpool, which he opened on October 31, 1870, with but three colored in the party. The compary now consisted of E. D. Beverly, tenor, late of the Pyne and Harrison Troupe; J. E. Johnson, bones; Billy West, tambo; Thomas D. Fenner, interlocutor; Japanese Tommy, Beaumont Read, and J. Carpenter. In December, C. B. Hicks took the bone end. Wilson, Wherry, G. Campbell, Read, Beverly, and T. Medley were the sextette. There were also in the troupe A. Jacobs, Harry Webb, J. Carpenter, George Dolby, Billy Richardson, T. Lott, F. Smith, Aaron Banks, F. Peri, Sheppard, and Clamo. Harry Leslie opened on the bone end May 8, 1871, Hicks closing May 6. M. B. Leavitt opened with this party October 14, 1872, followed on October 21 by Rollin Howard. Eph Horn appeared January 13, 1873. In April two extra end men appeared, making six in all. Johnny Booker opened with them on February 21, 1876. The company opened at the Duke’s Theatre, London, April 10, 1876, for three weeks, then dedicated their new quarters at St. James’ Hall, May 1, 1876, just one year after the fire. After a traveling tour of nine months, Hague’s Minstrels reopened at St. James’ Hall, May 20, 1878. They shortly after took another tour, returning to Liverpool and opening for the winter season on December 2, 1878.

HALL’S (E. M.) MINSTRELS: started from Chicago, Ill., June 29, 1878, for a summer tour. Mark Hughes, E. M. Hall, the Rankin Bros. and others were in the company.

HALL’S (J. S.) NEW YORK MINSTRELS: consisted of J. S. Hall, Joseph Arthur, Andy McGee, Charles Sutton, Bernardo, the Clark Bros. (Ed. and Lew), the Landis Bros. (William and Charles), and John Philbin. They sailed for Glasgow, Scotland, on April 20, 1878, from New York. They opened in Greenock, Scotland, appeared in Glasgow May 15, and went thence to Dublin, where they disbanded in June.

HAMALL’S SERENADERS: were organized in Montreal, under the direction of Hugh Hamall, and opened in that city December 3, 1867. A. Lenox, J. S. Danvers, A. Hamall, Master Shea, Johnny Cole and Bob Simmons were in the company.

HAMALL’S (HUGH) TROUPE: started from Montreal, Canada, with a band consisting of Ned West, Hank Howard, Hugh Hamall, and the Leaux Bros. They opened in Quebec on August 19, 1873. On September 1, 1874, this company consolidated with La Rue’s Minstrels.

HARMONEONS: after a lengthy traveling tour, appeared June 18, 1846, in the White House, Washington, D.C., before President Polk and family. J. Simmons Davis was manager; Marshall S. Pike, soprano; John Power, tenor; Frank Lynch, James Power, alto; and L. V. H. Crosby, basso. One of the songs sung by this company was Marshall Pike’s “The Grave of Washington,” the first verse of which was:

Disturb not his slumbers, let Washington sleep
‘Neath the boughs of the willows that over him weep;
His arm is unnerved, but his deeds remain bright
As the stars in the dark vaulted heaven at night.
Another one was called “He Led Her To the Altar:”
He led her to the altar, but the bride was not his chosen;
He led her with a hand as cold as though its pulse had frozen.
Flowers were crushed beneath his tread—a gilded dome was o’er him
But his brow was damp and his lips were pale as the marble step before him.
This company was quite popular.

HARRINGTON & THOMPSON: opened in Memphis, Tenn., March 9, 1863, with a party, among whom were Nelson Kneass, Joe Childs and Ned Palmer.

HARRIS & CLIFTON: formed a party in New York and opened in New Brunswick, N. J., April 25, 1864, under the management of J. L. Harris and George Clifton. The party consisted of M. Bogan, tambo; Dick McGowan, banjo; G. W. Charles, wench; J. Norcross, middle man; F. Campbell, S. Hosfield, Gus Edwards, bones; Dick Black, J. J. Gunn, George Hosfield, G. Clifton, and Eugene Gorman.

HARRIS’ SERENADERS: William B. Harris, manager, opened December 5, 1876, at Annapolis, Md. The company consisted of James Wheeler, J. B. Hennings, John Atwell, James Wilson, Frank Hooley, J. W. Johnson, Frank Watson, Charles H. Stonley and Prof. John Spaun.

HARRISON’S MINSTRELS: opened June 3, 1869, at Newark, N. J., with: G. W. Jackson, J. H. Surridge, Johnny Brassell, and H. F. Dixey, who called themselves the “Associated Artists of Kelly & Leon’s Minstrels”; W. H; Brockway, Johnny Hart, L. Myers, M. Gallagher, and J. Queech, in the party. Charles Melville was agent. Charles Harrison left the party the first week.

HART & SIMMONS’ MINSTRELS: were organized in New York, and opened, February 2, 1863, in Paterson, N. J. Bob Hart and Lew Simmons were the managers; Col. T. Allston Brown, business manager; and William Nichols, treasurer. The party consisted of: Bob Hart and Lew Simmons, ends; Sam Cole, J. H. Surridge, J. H. Sadler, G. Droskin, George Smith, William Blakeney, D. Rist; William Blythe, F. Wells, J. Charles, J. R. Taylor (Kemble), G. Germain, William Walton, C. Smith and Harry Kenton. John R. Kemble made his debut in burnt cork with the party. While the party were playing in Warren, Bob Hart deserted them in March and the company was afterwards were called NICHOLS & SIMMON’S MINSTRELS.

HATCHER (M.) & E. MORROW: organized a band in July, 1875, and traveled in Indiana. E. Morrow and Jake M. Dinnison were in the company.

HAVERLY & MALLORY’S MINSTRELS: formerly COMBINATION MINSTRELS, opened at Titusville, Pa., December 27, 1864. [See COMBINATION MINSTRELS.]

HAVERLY & SANDS: started in April, 1866, with a band through Michigan. Dick Sands, J. H. Haverly, Charley Benedict, George Mankin, Harry Campbell, C. M. Torney, Prof. Eckart, F. D. Abbott, H. F. Bowers and others were along. They collapsed in Chicago, Ill., early in July.

HAVERLY’S MASTODON MINSTRELS: opened in Chicago, October 21, 1878. There were forty-two people seen in the first part, seated in four rows, one tier above another. The vocalists, interlocutor, and musicians were attired in black suits; the eight end men were dressed in blue and white plaid suits. Billy Rice, Barry Maxwell, Thomas Sadler and William Arnold occupied the tambo ends; Pete Mack, Sam Price, John Styles and Bob Hooley, the bone ends, accompanied by John Rapier, Henry Roe, John Styles, Thomas Dixon, J. W. Freeth, the four Arnold Bros., the three Gorman Bros., Thompson, Adams, Lee, and the California Quartette. One of the acts given was a song and dance and clog by twelve men. William Foote was manager; W. H. Strickland, agent; and Harry Mann, business manager.

HAVERLY’S MINSTRELS: was a party that J. H. Haverly started from Chicago, November 9, 1868. They gave their first show at Peoria, Ill., November 11, with Charles Reynolds, Sam Cole, William Barry, Rollin Howard, Brandisi, Gustave Bideaux, William Taylor, R. J. Tooke, H. W. Gifford, William H. Butler, Otis H. Carter, E. G. Kneeland, J. H. Russey, M. Stanton, A. E. Voos, Charles Koehl, and George L. Bishop. Eph Horn joined them for awhile, leaving May 13, 1869, and S. S. Purdy opened. On March 26, 1873, Milt G. Barlow joined. A re-organization was made in November and they opened in the West. The party consisted of: Fayette Welch, Billy Courtwright, George Wilson, Charles James, Ned Goss, James Fox, W. H. Morton, Bernardo, Charley Howard, Bassett, Rapier, Rushby; Robert Eckhard, leader of orchestra; H. J. Clapham, business manager. Canfield and Booker opened on December 8, 1873. Kelly and Leon were added to the company August 10, 1874. George H. Primrose opened November 20. Billy Courtright joined this company in June, 1875. In August Milt G. Barlow, Wilson, Primrose, West, Frank Bell, Edwin French, Burton Stanley, Thomas B. Dixon and Henry Welling were in the party. Cool Burgess opened January 10, 1876. Barlow left March 25, 1877. Primrose withdrew June 14. Add Ryman was the next middle man. On August 20 Frank Moran and George Thatcher occupied the ends. On September 3, Bobby Newcomb took Thatcher’s position. On March 11, 1878, J. R. Kemble, Ned Kent, Ernest Linden, and Billy Arlington joined them in Chicago. Harry Clapham severed his connection with this party on March 23. The season closed in Chicago March 30, and they started for California. They opened at the Bush Street Theatre, San Francisco, on April 22 with George Thatcher, Harry G. Richmond, Billy Carter, Frank Cushman, Billy Rice, J. R. Kemble, Charles Diamond, Welch and Rice, T. B. Dixon, H. W. Roe, John W. Freeth. and John L. Rapier. Haverly united his minstrel troupes into one under the title of HAVERLY’S MASTODON MINSTRELS.

HAWVER & FERGUSON MINSTRELS: opened October 13, 1873, at Battenville; N. Y., and the party consisted of G. Hall, A, Hawver, Brainard, Harkness, J. Allen, J. Ferguson, H. Russell, W. Harper, E. Brownell, Mart Gilmore and Lew Miller.

HAYES & SMITH’S BAND: was organized by Tim Hayes and J. R. Smith and gave their initial performance February 22, 1864, at Reading, Pa., with Tom Murray, Harry Talbott, Tim Hayes, Sam Hague, Miss May Walton, and Billy Fields.

HAYWORTH AND HORTON’S MINSTRELS: commenced a traveling season in 1852. George W. Moore, bones; A. M. Hernandez, Master Williams (the bushel measure dancer), Master Totting, and Jim Hunter were in the company. They traveled South and in six months the managers ran away and left them at Richmond, Va., to pay their own bills. The boys reorganized under the name of the PARROW MINSTRELS.

HEDDEN, ADAMS, & KNEELAND MINSTRELS: organized and traveled south in 1859. They consisted of W. Hedden, Johnny Adams, E. G. Kneeland, Nick Foster, J. Pfaffenschlager, J. Cassiday and S. S. Pretty.

HERNANDEZ & MORNINGSTAR’S MINSTRELS: were organized for a traveling trip through the South. The Seigel Children and A. M. Hernandez were the features.

HERNANDEZ & SMITH’S MINSTRELS: was one of the many minstrel parties that organized in Richmond, Va. They started under the management of A. M. Hernandez and John P. Smith in 1853 and went to Norfolk, Va., just after the yellow fever. They returned to Odd Fellows Hall, Richmond; then made a tour of North and South Carolina, Georgia and Tennessee with Frank Weston, bones; R. Jean Buckley, J. K. Campbell, tambo; Joe Dewsbury, Lauer, Hernandez, John P. Smith, and Charles Harris. At Nashville, John P. Smith left them and they joined with another party (who had stranded there) and traveled as BILL PARROW’S MINSTRELS. At Louisville they disbanded.

HOLTON & GATES’ HARMONIUMS: was a band that was organized for the purpose of joining with the Simon Pure American Circus in New York, October 1, 1866. The party consisted of C. Smith, E. H. Ross, O. P. Sweet, Frank Webb, Dick Thompson, Harry French, F. T. St. Clair, J. A. Herman, J. C. Morris, Ed W. Holton and Charles A. Gates.

HONTZ’S MINSTRELS: were organized in Dover, Pa., in September, 1860. W. Hontz, T. Bell, Jack Taylor, R. Sands, and Gill Tate were in the party.

HOOLEY & CAMPBELLS MINSTRELS: R. M. Hooley having separated from George Christy in the management of Christy’s Minstrels in New York, organized a party for the road and opened at the Melodeon, Boston, February 6, 1860. Hooloy, S. C. Campbell, and G. W. H. Griffin were announced as the proprietors. S. C. Campbell, Hooley, Griffin, J. A. Herman, A. J. Hobbs, J. K. Edwards, J. C. Reeves, J. H. Hilliard, Unsworth, Frank Brower, J. B. Donniker, F. Dickson, and T. Gaynor composed the company. Louis Zwiler was agent. When they first started they were called Christy’s Minstrels, but soon after were known as Hooley & Campbells, considered one of the best minstrel parties ever organized for the road. Tim Hayes joined them soon after, also Charles H. Fox. They opened at the French Theatre, 585 Broadway, New York, June 25, 1860. After playing there one week they traveled East for a time. Returning to New York, they re-opened at 585 Broadway on August 13, with Unsworth, Eugene, S. C. Campbell, G. W. H. Griffin, R. M. Hooley, Donniker, J. C. Reeves, E. J. Melville, August Asche, and R. M. Howland. They opened at Niblo’s Saloon, Broadway, August 27, with Billy Birch, Add Weaver, Master Barney, Hilliard, and Signora Oliveira. Wash Norton, who had left Bryant’s, opened with this party in November. Then Cotton took Birch’s place in November. Tim Hayes, clog dancer, who arrived in America in December, 1860, opened December 7. After an extended tour, they disbanded in Philadelphia in 1861. Unsworth and Eugene left in January, 1861, and Johnny Duley, Donniker and Rollin Howard opened. G. C. Charles (wench) opened in February. They closed in New York in consequence of increase of rent of Niblo’s Saloon. They made a traveling tour, opening in Philadelphia at the Walnut Street Theatre, June 3, 1861. Birch and Brower joined them June 10 and they disbanded July 13.

HOOLEY & CHRISTY’S: [See GEORGE CHRISTY’S MINSTRELS] returned to New York and opened at 444 Broadway, May 23, 1859; but George Christy was enjoined by Henry Wood and not allowed to perform. It appears that when he withdrew from Henry Wood, George signed an agreement not to perform in New York for a year and a half, as George designed being away during that time. But his California trip not proving profitable, he returned just one year after leaving. The court granted the injunction and George did not appear but the company did. J. H. Budworth took the position vacated by George. Herman, Koppitz, Lothian, Eugene, George Coes (end), and E. Bowers were in the party. Coes retired in June and Gallagher took his place. The party went on a traveling tour in July, 1859. Cool White joined them August 15. Coes returned to San Francisco in July, 1859. The time of injunction having expired on November 1, they opened at Niblo’s Saloon, New York, on that date. In October they were on the road again with Eugene, Cool White, J. A. Herman, Lothian, J. Reeves, S. C. Campbell, G. W. H. Griffin, J. K. Edwards, A. J. Hobbs, E. Byron Christy, J. Hilliard, and Master Gus Howard. The quartette of this company become justly celebrated and we doubt if it has ever been surpassed in artistic excellence. It included Herman, Coes, C. S. Campbell, and G. W. H. Griffin. Gustave Bideaux opened January 30, 1860. Owing to some misunderstanding between Christy and Hooley as to the proprietorship of the concern, they separated January 28, 1860. Hooley started a troupe on the road and Christy remained at Niblo’s Saloon. W. White was interlocutor and M. C. Campbell, balladist. Billy Arlington appeared in March and W. White sailed for California March 5 to attend to some private business. The company closed at Niblo’s Saloon July 28 and opened in Philadelphia at the National Theatre. They made a Southern tour with the following people: George Christy, manager; Frank Tryon, treasurer; John P. Smith, agent; E. Kelly, ballads; E. Hallam, flute; W. Arlington, tambo; Leon, wench; T. McNally, violin; O. P. Perry, cornet; W. Cross, basso; John Felk, second violin; Julian Clairville, piano; and Master Willie, jig. They were in Charleston, S.C., the night of the evacuation of Fort Moultrie by Major Anderson. On their return to New York they opened at Irving Hall, in May, 1861. George and C. Fox were on the ends. J. A. Herman, F. Carletta, G. W. Wrightman, J. Bayley, Haslam, Blanque, Master Bobby Lynnes, and Master Leon, wench. Cool White left June 10 and E. Byron Christy opened as middle man. Owing to very bad business, they closed there and opened at Stuyvesant Hall, where they closed late in September. Herman left them and Stratton took his place in August; also Charles Fox, whose position was filled by Arlington. After making a brief traveling tour, they collapsed at Buffalo, N. Y., May 27, 1862. The party consisted of Arlington, Haslam, Clairville, C. Abbott, R. M. Corwin, Japanese Tommy, and others. Frank Tryon was treasurer. During the summer of 1862, Christy occupied 585 Broadway, New York, and continued up to the end of November, when George and his partner, Briggs, dissolved partnership and vacated the place. Arlington, William Reeves, Cooper, Corwin, Moreland, Dick Sands, Eugene Florence, Jules Stratton, W. H. Lewis, Walter Birch, and Billy Allen were in the company. Once more he took a party on the road in December: Billy Quinn, N. W. Gould, J. S. Marland, Eugene Florence, Frank Spear, F. Boniface, T. Warren, L. Jacobs, R. Thompson, and A. Wood. In January, 1863, they visited Havana, Cuba, but their stay there was a very brief one, as they burst up. George, with a portion of the company, came North and traveled up the Hudson River, N. Y., in February; but they closed up in May. They then reopened at 585 Broadway, October 5, 1863, with S. S. Purdy, T. B. Stevens, W. Randolph, B. Thompson, R. Lindley, J. Turner, D. L. Hargrave, F. Boniface, M. J. A. Keane, C. Hammond, J. C. Kempe, E. Florence, P. Gillen, T. B. Prendergast, Henry Percy, E. Bowers and George Christy. They closed January 9, 1864. James Budworth joined just prior to closing. His next managerial venture was at the Fifth Avenue Opera House on the south side of Twenty-fourth Street, between Broadway and Sixth Avenue and adjoining the rear of the Fifth Avenue Hotel (afterwards Daly’s Fifth Avenue Theatre), which he opened November 30, 1865, with W. S. Budworth, Walter Birch, J. Green, G. Hall, F. Abbott, J. Tannenbaum, C. Gardner, G. Wrightman, Hodgkin and George Christy in the party. On December 11, George Brant, Charles Duval and T. Donaldson appeared. On December 18, Charles Melville; January 15, 1866, Frank Leslie; April 23, J. H. Surridge; April 30, Lew Meyers; May 4, G. W. H. Griffin; June 25, S. S. Purdy. And they closed July 4, 1866. His next venture was opening Union Hall, corner of Broadway and Twenty-third Street, New York, on July 29, 1867, in conjunction with G. W. H. Griffin. Otto Burbank, Ford Abbott, Prendergast, George Leslie, E. Percival, Shattuck, W. W. Hodgkins, and James Morrison were in the party. They closed in September.

HOOLEY & HAWKHURST: (John Hooley and W. Hawkhurst) opened Hooley’s Opera House, Brooklyn, September. 2, 1872, with the following party: James H. Budworth, Dick Ralph, Canfield, Baker, Andy Collom, McPhail, J. B. Carter, H. Williams, T. Waddee and Sig. Constantine. Fayette Welch appeared September 9; McKee & Rogers September 30; G. W. Griffin and Oberist appeared December 2, 1872, on which occasion Griffin assumed the management. De Angelis and Hughes were the end men. S. S. Purdy appeared December 16. The next managers were Griffin & Little, who commenced their campaign December 14, 1874, with Harry Talbot, Hawley, O’Rourky, Murphy, Shannon, and Thomas Hedges, Frank Gayton, Burton Stanley and others. They closed abruptly January 8, 1875.

HOOLEY & RICE’S MINSTRELS: [See HOOLEY’S MINSTRELS] opened in Brooklyn on February 5, 1877. A variety entertainment was added in which W. W. Newcomb, Little Mac, Baker, Doyle and others appeared. They closed on February 17, and traveled. During the matinee performance on February 17, W. W. Newcomb fell on the stage and broke his leg.

HOOLEY’S MINSTRELS: opened at Stuyvesant Institute, Broadway, opposite Bond Street, New York, on October 28, 1861. Hooley and G. W. H. Griffin were the proprietors. The party comprised the following performers: G. W. H. Griffin, R. M. Hooley, Charley Fox, Dave Reed, Joe Childs, T. McAnally, E. J. Melville, George Gray, and J. Malone. Billy Arlington joined shortly after. Early in the spring of 1862 the party made a traveling tour and returned to New York June 7 for a brief stay. They visited Philadelphia, where they opened June 16. In August they disbanded and returned to New York. In September, 1862, Hooley opened the Opera House, corner of Court and Remsen Streets, Brooklyn: R. L. Hooley, manager; T. B. Prendergast, stage manager; Gustave Percy (Geary), Prof. Straub, Charley Neil, George Rae, Master Eddy, J. P. Wernig, Archie Hughes, Tim Hayes, J. H. Hilton, George Wrightman, T. McAnally, J. Hemple, and V. Sambamani. J. Bryant and Johnny Booker appeared late in October; also E. N. Slocum. E. Bowers joined them in December. On June 1, 1863, George Christy joined and on June 29 Mert Sexton appeared. G. W. H. Griffin joined October 5, 1863. Hooley’s Opera House in Brooklyn was destroyed by fire May 12, 1865. The performers lost nearly, if not all, their entire wardrobe and instruments. The company then went on a traveling tour. They re-opened in Brooklyn at their new Opera house (which had been rebuilt), September 4, 1865, with the following company: George Christy, Tony Denier, G. W. H. Griffin, J. K. Campbell, Denny Gallagher, J. A. Herrman, George H. Charles, George H. Parkerson, L. Stanwood, J. W. Sandford, L. Collins, A. Goodwin, Tannenbaum, C. Gardner, Mons. Bauch, A. Ziln, T. R. Deverell, D. Willis, J. Williams, J. Bauchman, J. Conway, Peter Ally, and B. Northrop. Christy and Gallagher occupied the ends. E. Warden, after an absence of six years from America, returned May 9, 1866, and opened with Hooley’s, May 14. Frank Girard opened the same date as interlocutor. John Mulligan joined the same season. Mr. Hooley commenced his next season on September 21, 1867, with the following company: Cool Burgess, Hank Mudge, R. Davis (first appearance in America), J. R. Ricci, Archie Hughes, Louis Nevers, Dave Reed, Dick Carroll, J. W. Glenn, E. Edwards, T. Deverell, H. Goodwin, W. Bell, E. Florence, T. Joseph, C. Thomas, A. Walters, C. Irving, Cool White, and H. Schwicardi. The season terminated June 6, 1868. Mr. Hooley then leased the Seventh Street Opera House on Seventh Street between Market and Arch Streets, Philadelphia, which he opened June 15, 1868, with his Brooklyn company. He closed in Philadelphia, July 18, and re-opened in Brooklyn, July 20. He re-opened the Seventh Street house, Philadelphia, September 7, 1868. Archie Hughes, S. S. Purdy, Charles Reynolds, Billy West, Sheridan and Mack, George Leslie, J. W. Hilton, Cool White and others were in the company. Mr. Hooley re-opened his house in Brooklyn on the same night---September 7, 1868, with George F. McDonald (interlocutor), Prof. Cornu, R. M. Carroll, C. L. Pierson, John Mulligan, Dave Reed, J. K. Campbell, J. W. Glenn, Percival, Louis Nevers, F. Shattuck, Fred Abbott, Steve Rogers and John Savori. Mr. Hooley closed his Philadelphia house on October 17, 1868, the speculation proving a bad one. His next venture was the old Odeon, Williamsburgh, L. I., which he leased; and after handsomely refitting the place, opened it as Hooley’s Opera House, October 19, 1868, with Archie Hughes and Purdy on the end, Cool White in the middle, J. K. Emmett, Ricardo, Billy West, T. H. Jefferson, and others in the company. Dave Reed closed a year’s engagement with this party, April 3, 1869, and was married (the second time) on the 4th and went on a pleasure trip. This party re-opened in Brooklyn, June 28, 1869, with Add Ryman, bones; John Collins, tambo; Cool White, middle man; Leslie, Templeton, Glenn, McPhail, Prof. Cornu, John and Joseph Trigg, Peter Ali, M. Risley, Andy McKee, Johnny Quinn, Myron Lewis, and others. Mr. Hooley re-opened in Brooklyn for his eighth season on September 4, 1869. Dick Ralph, Fayette Welch, tambo; Billy Rice, bones; and Cooper and Fields were in the company. The season closed June 11, 1870. Mr. Hooley leased Bryon Hall, 80 South Clark Street, Chicago, July, 1870, and at once commenced altering it into a first class minstrel hall. He also purchased a block of stores in Madison, Wis., known as Dayton Block (once the site of the post office), which he converted into an opera house. He commenced his ninth season in Brooklyn, September 5, 1870, with the following company: Charley White, G. W. H. Griffin, William Sheppard, William Rice, Otto Burbank, J. K. Campbell, George Powers, J. Johnson, Fred Abbott, Frank Campbell, J. A. Basquin, W. Howard, Barron, Lester, Prof. Cornu, and others. He closed in Brooklyn on December 26, 1870. He opened his new opera house in Chicago January 1, 1874, with a first class party: Richard M. Hooley, proprietor; Charles T. White, business manager; A. L. Parkes, advertising manager; G. W. H. Griffin, stage manager; James Unsworth, John Mulligan, James Johnson, George Powers, William Rice, J. K. Campbell, J. Corwin, W. Butler, J. A. Basquin, J. Brandisi, William Freeth, C. Nichols, F.. Cardella, Beeler, Guilo, Hinchelie, Rick and Rick, and Heiser. The season closed May 20, 1871. They were burned out October, 1871. Mr. Hooley closed his Brooklyn house, June 1, 1872, and traveled for two weeks, producing the burlesques of “Divorced,” “Black Crook,” and “Article 48.” He opened in Brooklyn for the summer on June 17. J. W. Clark, banjoist, was added to the company. Mr. Hooley leased the Globe Theatre, Chicago, July 22, 1872, with John Mulligan, Billy Rice, Cool White, Archie Hayes, F. B. Naylor, Charles Hunneman, Frank Bowles, W. P. Grier, D, S. Vernon, Hurley, and Marr. They closed in Chicago August 17, 1872, and went traveling. Then re-opened in Brooklyn, December 18, 1872, with Cool White, Unsworth, Eugene, Don Pedro Dorego, Stiles, Phelps, D. S. Vernon, J. H. Cook, J. Basquin, E. Cornu, F. Bader, Sig. Lapini, R. W. Harrington, J. Martin, W. P. Grier, A. McKown, Surridge, T. Deverell, J. Badger, and R. McNally. Mr. Hooley commenced his season of 1875-76 in Brooklyn, November 15, with Frank Moran, Archie Hughes, Billy Courtright, William Gray, Brockway, Add Weaver, E. M. Hall, W. H. Norton, Bernardo, James Lamont J. Kelly, C. Foster, G. Stanton, E. Cook, T. M. Palmer, T. Deverell and others. On November 22, Dave Reed took the bone end in place of Archie Hughes. On December 18, 1875, Cool White, J. A. Herrman and J. W. McAndrews appeared, and the season closed in February, 1876. Hooley then visited Chicago, opening the New Chicago Theatre, Clark Street near Randolph, May 1, 1876. In the company were E. M. Hall, Percy Ashton, Charles Benedict, Bobby Newcomb, Bernardo, Billy Rice, J. Lamont, John Hart, Murphy, Morton, Little Mac, Brockway, Garatagua, McAndrews, King and Drew. John Hart occupied one end for a few nights, when E. M. Hall assumed that department. On May 22, Pat Rooney and Bob Hart appeared. They closed there June 17 and the party went to Cincinnati. They re-opened in Chicago (at the same house) August 7 and the house was called “The Minstrel Palace.” Billy Rice was business manager; Cool White, stage manager; and the following people were in the company: E. M. Kayne, J. W. Martin, George S. Knight, John Hart, Johnson, Bruno and others. They closed there November 23 and opened in Brooklyn November 27. Fayette Welch and Billy Rice on the ends; Cool White, interlocutor. They closed there January 6, 1877. After a brief traveling tour they re-opened in Brooklyn January 15 with Karl Steele, Bernardo, Charles Sutton, Baker, Doyle and others. Hooley next associated himself with Billy Rice and they opened the Third Avenue Theatre, New York, January 29, with a party called HOOLEY & RICE’S MINSTRELS.

HOPPER & BROS.’ MINSTRELS: consisted of A. C. Miller, John Cole, C. Williams, James Canada, A. Hopper, C. Hopper, and Little Alice. The party traveled through Michigan in October, 1861, and in the summer traveled and performed under canvas. In September, 1862, a re organization took place, when the party consisted of Abe T. Hopper, Jerry Hopper, Charles Meyatt, Ed Smith, Hank Wild, Charles Nicholls, Ed Tophoff, Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Miller, Carrie Walbey, La Petite Jennie, and Mons. Laurent.

HORN & BACKUS’ MINSTRELS: composed of the principal members of the company that had been playing at the Lyceum Theatre, San Francisco, organized and started in March, 1859, for a tour of the interior.

HORN & COLLINS’ MINSTRELS: organized in December, 1878, for a trip through New Jersey. They consisted of Eph Horn Jr., Harry Brown, Walter Wray, Add Collins, Al Mortimer, Charles Price and W. L. Hirst.

HORN AND NEWCOMB: organized a band and opened in Bridgeport, Conn., April 8, 1863, and made a tour East. The party consisted of Horn, Newcomb, Walter Birch, J. Hilton, J. F. Dunnie, W. H. Lewis (William Henry Rice), W. T. Emerson, L. H. West, Thomas Simpson, J. H. Kellogg, R. A. Perry, William St. Clair, W. Rice, and Little Bobby. Philo Clark was agent. They located at Smith & Ditson’s Hall, Cincinnati, Ohio, in July, where Eph Horn left them, and the proprietorship devolved upon Newcomb alone. He started on a traveling tour with the party, and they were called NEWCOMB’S MINSTRELS.

HORN’S (EPH) TROUPE: After an absence of eighteen months on the Pacific Coast with the San Francisco Minstrels, Eph returned to Philadelphia in July, 1856, and, organized a band. He opened July 7 at the Arch Street Theatre, that city. Sam Sharpley, Cluskey, Conrad, Paul Berger, Keisler, Penn Lehr, F. Solomon, Thompson, Simmons, and Read. In the spring of 1857, he organized a band and traveled with Sloat & Sheppard’s Circus through Michigan during the summer months. He appeared with this circus as clown in May. This troupe closed in the fall of 1857.

HORN’S MINSTRELS: (not Eph Horn) organized in Boston in February, 1859: John Killeen, banjo; George W. Burton, bones; Malory, tambo; Knapp, jig; and John Green, tenor.

HOWARD & O’BRIEN’S MINSTRELS: gave their first performance on November 18, 1873, in Batavia, Ohio. C. P. Howard, Dan Kinkel Jr., Harry Nilson, Harry E. Pike, Harry Osborn, Joseph E. Manning, Dan Kinkel Sr., and Tony Backus were in the company.

HOWARD’S EUTERPEAN MINSTRELS: opened in Detroit, Mich., in July, 1858, under the management of Frank Howe. They then went traveling. T. Gilligan, Dick Berthelon, Frank Howard, William Allen, J. H. Horsie, Herr Lyle, Herr Odell, George Wilson, L. J. Donnelly, C. Sanford, Prof. Spiegle, William Allen, and T. Clifford were in the company. They afterwards made a tour and returned to Detroit.

HUNTLEY’S (J. T.) MINSTRELS: opened in Philadelphia in April, 1859, with David and J. Wambold, John Daley and Willie Roome in the party.

HUNTLEY’S MINSTRELS: was a party that was organized for the season of 1872-73 at Providence, R. I. They made a brief tour, closing at Birmingham, Conn., October 22, 1873.

HUSSEY & TAYLOR’S “ORIGINAL” CALIFORNIA MINSTRELS: was an organization under the management of Frank Hussey and Joe Taylor, and consisted of Hussey, Taylor, Pete Sterling, C. Shattuck, S. Purdy, Frank Leslie, Walter Fields, C. Delamore, Joe Childs, H. Isaacs, B. Isaacs, W. Sinclair, W. Hearn, Buckley, and Gibson. They opened Hope Chapel, which they called “The Academy of Minstrelsy,” August 20, 1866. Adolph Nichols and M. J. Solomon closed soon after, but the house closed up a few days later.

HUSSEY (FRANK) MINSTRELS: was a party organized in New York, and sailed October 11, 1866, for China, Bombay, etc., by steamship. At Sandy Hook, a terrific gale was encountered the first night and which lasted three days, in consequence of which the ship sprung a leak and was obliged to return to New York, arriving October 16. The minstrel band had their baggage ruined by water. On October 21 they once more sailed, this time by way of Liverpool. In the party were John H Surridge, Frank Hussey, H. Sweeny, T. McNally, Pete Sterling, H. T. Mudge, Frank Myering, H. McDonald, W. Scott, and John Felten. After playing in the English provinces, they opened April 20, 1867, at the Paris Expedition in the Imperial International Theatre. Mudge and Hussey returned to America, arriving in New York in August, 1867.

HUSSEY’S (FRANK) TROUPE: was in Kingston, Jamaica, July 8, 1865, among whom were C. E. Collins (the “Cure”), J. Wallace and C. Clinton.

HUSSEY’S MALE AND FEMALE MINSTRELS: consisting of F. Hussey, Charles Backus, W. M. Barker, Sam Wells, C. Shattuck, Harvey Sterling and others, opened at the New National Theatre, San Francisco, Cal., August 20, 1861.

HUSSEY’S TROUPE: opened by Frank Hussey at Platt’s Hall, San Francisco, February 5, 1866, with the following people: Joe Taylor, J. H. O’Neil, Johnny Collins, Clinton, Naublom, Hamilton, Wyant, and McDermott.

HYNSON’S CAMPBELLS: was organized by G. W. Hynson and traveled West in June, 1859, with C. Sanford, pianist; George Cushing, violin; Tom Chatfield, basso; J. W. Smith, wench; A. Howard, balladist; and Tim Woodruff an one of the ends. In July this party was under the management of Tim Woodruff and Charles Sanford. Sile Weed was added to the company.

JACKSON EMERSONIANS: was a party that organized and started from Dayton, Ohio in 1870 with George W. Jackson as manager. Milt G. Barlow first appeared in public with this party as end man and comedian. They collapsed in four weeks.

JEFFERSON’S MINSTRELS: traveled through the South in November, 1859, with Billy Jefferson, tambo; Charles Grape, Old Joe Kelly, banjoist and jig; J. T. Boyce, bones; Master William Boyce, and J. Rush.

JOHNSON’S MINSTRELS: organized and made a tour in New York State in November, 1858. Frank Pell, J. Van Husen, Johnny Pettit, Conklin, and Jeff Johnson were among the party.

JOHNSON’S (LEW) PLANTATION MINSTRELS: were performing at a hall, 232 South Clark Street, Chicago, Ill., in January, 1875. Charles Delaney, Dave Brown, F. D. E. Haight, White, Allen, Buck, Gus Green and W. Muse were the principal “lights” of the company. They closed June 29, 1878.

JULLIENS’ MINSTRELS: were on the road early in 1855 under the management of H. S. Carter, with M. Hernandez, Old Bill Parrow, J. N. Pierce, bones; J. K. Campbell, C. Harris, Frank Weston, tambos; Jules Benedict, T. Donaldson, George Cooper, R. Buckley and Mons. Lerommo. During the season Ben Cotton joined them and remained nine months.

KAYNE, HALL & WAMBOLD’S MINSTRELS: with E. M. Kayne and W. S. Warren as managers, opened on April 10, 1875, at the Grand Opera House, Chicago. The performers were Kayne, interlocutor; E. H. Hall and Ned Wambold, end men; Surridge, C. S. Fredericks, Wayne and Lovely. Cal Wagner appeared on April 19.

KELLY & LEON: leased Hope Chapel, Broadway, New York, in September, 1866, and having fitted up the second floor as a minstrel hall, opened it October 1 with Edwin Kelly, Francis Leon, Johnny Allen, Frank Moran, T. McNally, John Oberist, Ed P. Fairbanks, G. W. Jackson, Nelse Seymour, Sam Price, William Butler, Sig. Bretano and Garatagua in the party. Dick Sands, George and Willie Guy and George Christy opened October 8. In December, George Christy withdrew and Nelse Seymour appeared on the end. Johnny Allen left in March, 1867, and William Budworth took his place. Eph Horn opened April 15. The season closed June 22, 1867, and the party opened in Boston, June 24, at the Theatre Comique. They re-opened in New York July 29, 1867, with Add Ryman on one end. On August 12, Delehanty and Hengler commenced. The performances were brought to an abrupt termination on December 11, 1867, by the shooting of Tom Sharpe by Edwin Kelly, and were not resumed until the 17th, when G. W. H. Griffin appeared as interlocutor, Rollin Howard as prima donna, and George Percival as balladist, Mr. Kelly not being well enough to appear and Leon quitting the profession for awhile. On the 30th of December, S. S. Purdy appeared with this party, followed on January 6, 1868, by George Christy. And on January 13, Charles Heywood, female impersonator, made his first appearance on the stage. Leon made his re-entree February 3, 1868. Joe Murphy opened on the bone end April 20, 1868. J. Blamphin, who had arrived from Europe April 16, 1868, made his debut April 27, also F. J. Naylor, balladist. They commenced their next season August 31, 1868, with W. H. Brockway, S. S. Purdy, G. W. H. Griffin, J. H. Surridge, Leslie, Rayner, the Guy Brothers, R. M. Carroll, M. Schenet, Summer, Grey, Richard Davis, J. C. Campbell, Warren Kelps, and Myers. Mr. Kelly re-appeared June 8 and the season closed June 27. When they commenced this season they had twenty-nine people in the first part. There was one row of seventeen, consisting of two end men, thirteen voices in the chorus, interlocutor and balladist. The second line in the rear was composed of eleven musicians, besides the pianist in the orchestra. Having received tempting offers to visit Europe, they closed their season in New York, January 9, 1869, being their six hundred and twenty-fifth performance of this company at 720 Broadway. They then made a traveling tour of a short period, opening in Harlem, June 11. Mr. Kelly sailed for Europe in February, 1869. The traveling season closed April 10, on which date Leon sailed for London. Kelly and Leon opened in London, May 17, with Montague’s “Christy’s,” at St. George’s Hall. They afterwards organized a party which they called KELLY & LEON “CHRISTY’S.”

KELLY & LEON “CHRISTY’S”: opened July 6, but bad business caused them to close and they returned to America, arriving in New York August 6. They shortly after organized a band in New York and started on a tour, opening in Hartford, Conn., on December 5. S. S. Purdy, Surridge, Brockway, Zulig, Kelly and Leon were in the party. Having regained possession. of their old place, 720 Broadway, they opened February 7, 1870, with Leon, Kelly, Cool Burgess, bones; S. S. Purdy, tambo; Sam Price, James Clark, Mons. F. Fraulig, W. H. Brockway, Surridge, Sig. Brochelli, J. R. Clinton, Dick Quilter, Pete Goldrich, F. Meyering, T. G. Withers, J. B. Carter, L. W. Ball, G. Field, F. Lake and others. Early in May, 1870, a portion of the company went on a brief tour, opening in Washington, D. C., in March. Add Ryman and Johnny Hart appeared with the New York party, April 4. J. T. Gaynor, C. R. Clinton, James Clark, and Francis Violo appeared May 14. On June 6, Dan Donegon appeared. The traveling party re-appeared on June 27 and the season closed July 16. They opened their new hall (formerly Dodworth Hall) on Broadway, opposite Eleventh Street, New York, August 29, 1870, but closed December 3, 1870, and went traveling. In March, 1871, they (Kelly and Leon) appeared in a play called “St. Domingo” in white face at Hooley’s Opera House, Brooklyn. They closed there April 1 and went on a brief traveling tour, appearing in white face. They then re-appeared at 720 Broadway, New York. In the party were Cool White, J. K. Campbell, Dave Wilson, Don Pedro Dorego, Billy Rice, H. T. Mudge, Devon Nelson, H. Nichols, T. Le Strange, Corrister, Zaulig, G. R. Fields, Charles Pratt (pianist), W. H. Wallace, J. H. Carter, G. Le Strange, A. Hoffman, S. Stiles, Ramponic, and James Collins. On September 18, S. S. Purdy opened, and the season closed September 30. Kelly and Leon then went to San Francisco, appearing there in November, 1871. They returned East, organized a party, and opened at Jersey City, N. J., November 19, 1872. They re-opened their old hall, 720 Broadway, November 25. In the party were Delehanty, Hengler, John C. Campbell, S. H. Holdsworth, W. H. Nichols, Charles H. Storms, George Guy, Corrister, Zaulig, Charles Lester, Agnes Nelson (vocalist), Emily Krauss (pianist), and Kelly and Leon. On the opening night in New York, Edwin Kelly appeared on the tambo end in consequence of the nonarrival of Dave Wilson. J. A. Palmer was interlocutor. The hall was totally destroyed by fire on the morning of November 28, 1872. Kelly and Leon took a benefit at the Olympic Theatre, New York, December 7, they having lost heavily by the fire. Many of the performers lost their instruments and wardrobe. They then went on a traveling tour, opening in Bridgeport, December 23, and closed January 4, 1873, as Kelly and Leon were engaged to open in New York at the Olympic Theatre, January 13, in the spectacle of “Alhambra,” to do their specialties. After this they organized another party and opened the Lyceum, Washington Street, Brooklyn, March 31, but remained only one week. They went to Philadelphia for two weeks and then Kelly and Leon sailed for California, April 27. Early in February, 1874, another band was started by Kelly and Leon, with Dick Sands, Cooper, Fields, James Clark, Ramponie, Ned Wambold, Charles Foster and Kelly and Leon. They closed May 30. Kelly and Leon then settled down in Chicago at the Grand Opera House, opening August 31, where they remained until April 8, 1875, when they suddenly closed. They re-opened in Chicago at the Grand Opera House, November 15, with Cool Burgess and Harry Talbot in the party. On January 1, 1876, they closed and went traveling. They opened in New York at the Twenty-third Street Opera House (formerly Dan Bryant’s) May 11, 1876. In the organization were Charles Walters, John Morton, Edwin Lester, tambos; Dave Reed, bones; Huber, Glidden, Japanese Tommy, Surridge, C. R. Clinton, Kelly, Leon and others. C. H. Gordon (tenor), from Australia, opened May 8; Lew Benedict, May 15; Walters and Morton closed July 15, and dissolved partnership. Lew Benedict withdrew in September and John Allen appeared. C. H. Gordon withdrew September 30 to enter the operatic profession and is now known as C. H. Turner. Sam Price opened October 16. Lew Benedict and W. H. Norman were added to the company on January 1, 1877. The season closed in New York on March 10 and the party traveled. Lew Benedict was “given permission” to retire from the company April 21 and William Courtright occupied his chair. The season closed on June 2. They reorganized and opened in Brooklyn, August 6, 1877, with Edwin Kelly, Leon, Courtright, Japanese Tommy, Surridge, Edwin Lester, Tierny, Cronin, W. H. Norman, C. R. Clinton, William Ball, Frederick Willard, and Thomas Howard in the company. In January, 1878, Kelly and Leon, with a small company, sailed for Australia and opened at the Queen’s Theatre, Melbourne, with Al Havman and Hiscocks as managers. The company consisted of Courtright, Lester, Surridge, Beaumont Read, Japanese Tommy, Ball and C. S. Fredericks. In April, 1878, they had possession of St. George’s Hall, Melbourne, for two weeks, and in November were in Auckland, New Zealand, playing to crowded houses. Their success since they have been abroad has been unparalleled. During their first four weeks in Melbourne their receipts are said to have been £2,200 (about $1l,000).

KELLY’S MINSTRELS: organized in Omaha, where they opened a new minstrel hall December 2, 1872, with Lew Reese, tambo; Billy Blair, bones; Thomas Sands, interlocutor; Prof. Glubb and Thomas Kelly managers.

KENTUCKY MELODISTS, PEE DEE MINSTRELS, and PEE DEE ETHIOPIAN OPERA TROUPE: were the next troupes in the field. In the latter party were F. Stanford, G. De Duke, V. Price, and L. A. Wilson.

KENTUCKY MINSTRELS: were organized in Bridgeport, Conn., in August, 1860.

KENTUCKY MINSTRELS: were organized in Spottsville, Ky., May 22, 1875, and traveled under the management of William Woolley. The company consisted of James Murphy, the Radi can Bros., Harry H. Wallace, James Day, Dave O. Lynch, W. H. King, Charles Steadman, Norman Malcolm, Childers and Barr.

KENTUCKY MINSTRELS: were playing at the Chatham Theatre, New York, in March, 1843. During the summer of the same year this troupe appeared at the Vauxhall Garden, New York. The party consisted of Billy Whitlock, bones; H. Mestayer; T. G. Booth; Charley White, accordion; Frank Lynch; Richardson; and Barney Williams, tambourine. In one of the programs of the day we find the following attractions announced: Overture, “Dandy Jim of Caroline,” “Get Along, John,” “New York Gals,” “Lucy Neal,” “Old Aunt Sally,” Cotton Plantation and Jig by Barney Williams and T. G. Booth. Shortly after this they appeared at Barnum’s Museum, Ann Street and Broadway.

KENTUCKY RATTLERS: was an organization that lived but a short time with Charley Jenkins, Harry Mestayer, A. L. Thayer, John Diamond, S. Richardson, and T. G. Booth.

KENTUCKY SERENADERS: who had been on the road a brief time and laid off in Bridgeport, Conn., took to the road in September, 1859, with D. W. Thompson as manager and E. Cunkleman, Johnny Hanford, tambo; William Dwyer, J. Conley, W. Dowd, F. Hogue, W. Anderson, and J. Cook in the party.

KIMBERLY’S CAMPBELL MINSTRELS: were organized in 1848 by George A. Kimberly at New Haven, Conn., and soon after organizing were joined by S. C. Campbell. After traveling for a while they came to New York and opened at Vauxhall Garden, where Matt Peel joined them. In 1849 they located at the Society Library Rooms, Broadway and Leonard Street, New York. The company then included Bob White, interlocutor; Luke West, bones; Matt Peel, tambourine; J. A. Herrman, tenor; A. H. Barry, basso; Lewis Burdett, alto; Jacob Burdett, baritone; Charles Abbott, first violin; and L. V. N. Crosby, vocalist. This party soon became great favorites and they remained at this hall for a long time. Taking a traveling tour for a while, they returned to New York in 1851, when Mr. Kimberly retired from the management, having made considerable money.

KITCHEN MINSTRELS: were organized by Charley White in 1843 and they opened at Palmo’s Concert Room, on the second floor, on the corner of Broadway and Chambers Street. They then went to Barnum’s Museum, where they were for a while quite successful, after which a new band was organized and called the VIRGINIA SERENADERS.

KUNKEL’S NIGHTINGALE SERENADERS: put on the road by George Kunkel in 1853. R. M. Hooley was in the party. They were very successful for some time. During the season of 1855, he had in the party Master Adams, William Penn Lehr, J. K. Search, Harry Lehr, Levi Brown, T. L. Floyd, Joe Brown, Theo Ahrens, W. H. Morgan, Paul Berger and George Kunkel; John T. Ford, agent. In July, 1856, he appeared in Baltimore, Md., with Harry Lehr, Harry Johnson, Search, Levi Brown, E. T. Herman, Joe Whittaker, Thomas Floyd (wench) and John Germon. He closed up about this time.

KUNKEL’S NIGHTINGALES: reorganized in Baltimore, Md., in September, 1861, and opened at the Baltimore Museum. The party consisted of Harry Lehr, Thomas L. Floyd, Johnny Boyd, J. B. Donniker, G. W. Charles, Nelse Seymour, W. H. Lewis, R. S. Colton, W. Clinton and George Kunkle. Another re-organization was made in July, 1866, when the Nightingales opened at the Front Street Theatre, Baltimore, July 23. In the party were George Kunkel, John Purcell, T. St. John, J. Fredericks, Master J. Askew, J. Clary, William Gardner, J. Reynolds, T. Bayless, T. L. Moxley (wench), with Hughey Dougherty and Frank Pell on the ends. They shortly after went South. Tommy Winnett and Charles Holly (Keystone Boys) soon after joined them. They closed up in a few months.

LA RUE & BUNDY’S MINSTRELS: were organized in Madison, Ind., in March, 1861, with Johnny Bundy and C. LaRue as end men and Tim Parker, Joe Bates, Tom Wells, Jack Burnes, Billy Jones and George Allen in the company.

LA RUE’S CARNIVALS: See BURGESS, PRENDERGAST, HUGHES & DONNIKER’S MINSTRELS

LANDIN & SHARPLEY: a party with this title was visiting the towns in the vicinity of New York in May, 1854.

LANDIS’ MINSTRELS: were traveling South and visited Washington, D.C., in January, 1858. Harvey Johnson and B. Mallory were in the party. They opened at the Athenaeum, Pittsburgh, Pa., September 29, 1860, with James Flake, J. W. Landis, J. Conrad, H. Conrad, H. Hamilton, J. Donnelly, J. Baldwin and John Bishop. On October 15 they closed in Pittsburgh and traveled.

LEAVITT’S TROUPE: under M. B. Leavitt, organized a party in Boston, February, 1866, and traveled through the East. The people consisted of M. B. Leavitt, Harry K. Howard, J. F. Riley, J. H. Carroll, Johnny Leavitt, J. A. Riley, Charles La Barde, William Henry, Stephen Lowery, Frank Dayton, C. M. Bassett, Henry Aulbman, George Barton and George W. Nixon. They collapsed July 23, 1866.

LEAVITT & CURRAN’S MINSTRELS: opened December 1, 1866, in New Bedford, Mass., with the following in the company: M. B. and Johnny Leavitt, J. C. Curran, Frank Dayton, George M. Parker, William Crumbie, W. H. Briggs, N. Turner, J. C. Coffee, H. Frail, James Norton, Ed Fitzgerald, J. C. Leslie, J. J. Barry and Young America. They reorganized and opened May 13, 1867, at Marlborough, Mass. The party consisted of: M. B. and Johnny Leavitt, Harry K. Howard, J. F. Riley, Charles McCauley, William Crumbie, W. R. Sutherland, J. H. Gardner, William Brackett, H. E. McDevitt, Henri Muller and Young America. Leavitt was sole manager and occupied one of the ends, while Howard had the other. In November another re- organization was made and they gave their first show November 11, at Stoneham, Mass. L. B. and Johnny Leavitt, Edwin Holmes, Frank Dayton, E. Fitzgerald, J. A. Riley, Harry Jordan, W. H. Sutherland, Muller, and America continued in the party. C. T. Caldwell was agent.

LEE & TREE’S MINSTRELS: opened in Washington, D. C., November 27, 1862. The company was Billy Hooper and Ritchie Mack, ends; Sim Morton, Pat HcGowan, Jake Cotter, Tom Painter, J. McGrath, J. J. Myers, Ed Burns, Ned Allen, Mike McLaughlin, J. D. McMahon, W. and J. Lee, A. Fleming, J. L. Caster, Master Fred and D. D. Poel.

LEE & WHITE’S MINSTRELS: organized in Salem, Mass., in April, 1861, with Pete Lee, Johnny White, Frank Carley, George Morton, Fred Ashley, J. A. Morrill, and J. Ambrose.

LEE’S (PETE) EMPIRE MINSTRELS: were a party traveling through the East in July, 1858.

LEON’S SERENADERS: organized in Honesdale, Pa., and gave their first performance at South Canaan, Pa., in May, 1869. Manson and Davis were on the ends.

LEWIS AND MURPHY: started a band from St. Louis, July 24, 1869, consisting of Con T. Murphy, Johnny Smith, Frank Frayne, J. McNally, Eddie Haley, the Berger Bros., “Cincinnatus,” and Johnny Murphy.

LEWIS’ MINSTRELS: was organized in July, 1859, by Charles Lewis. Andy Morris, Robert A. Lindley, John Hinctcliffe, F. D. Frazee, James Holt, George Hertzog, Harvey Benedict, and George Chilcothe were in the company.

LLOYD’S MINSTRELS: was a first class organization that was made up in New York by Lloyd, of maps, etc., notoriety. The party consisted of Charles A. Fox, Billy Birch, Cool White, J. Andrews (McAndrews), Gustave Bideaux, Asche, David Wambold, A. Lehman, Albertine, N. Oehl, A. Breitkopf, C. Blass, J. Eastmead, and W. Bruns. They opened at Niblo’s Saloon, New York, February 25, 1861. They shortly after went on a brief traveling tour and returned to New York, opening at Niblo’s Saloon, April 1, with Herman, Fox, Bideaux, Wambold, Birch, Asche, H. Wilks, Eastmead, Lehman, Andrews, N. Oehl, Bruns, Breitkopf, C. Blass, Master Albertine, and Cool White. Wambold withdrew May 6 and sailed for Europe May 18. Fox joined George Christy’s party; Herman also left. Bideaux withdrew and sailed for Europe May 30. Asche was also among the seceders. Business was very bad with the party in May, 1861, which was attributed to the fact of the manager being the proprietor of a Southern publication. Salaries were reduced in order to keep the troupe together but they disbanded June 6, 1861. LLOYD & BIDEAUX’ MINSTRELS were organized in New York and opened on February 2, 1867, at Bridgeport, Conn. In the company were Charles Reynolds, bones; Cal Wagner, tambo; Johnny Booker, J. B. Murphy, interlocutor; M. Ainsley Scott, Delehanty, Hengler, Harry Stanwood, James Koehl, Billy Preston, Gustave Bideaux, Walter Neville, H. O. Arelli; Charles Wilkinson, agent; R. E. Ward, Edwin Seymour, and Carlos Fornesi. In April, 1867, Bideaux withdrew and the party was known afterwards as LLOYD’S MINSTRELS. While the company was in the West, trouble entered the wigwam. A portion of the company was left at Adrian, Mich., in July, 1867, by Lloyd, who had run away leaving the majority of the company penniless and unable to get out of the town. Among those who belonged to the “can’t-get-away club” were Charles Pettengill, Norrie, Joe Mack, Rockefeller, H. J. Jackson, William Ashcroft and Prof. Fred Zaulig. An appeal to the public was published. A “benefit” was given at the hall and the receipts amounted to $28. Some of the company were compelled to raise funds on their trunks to get out of town.

LONE ROCK MINSTRELS: opened in Lone Rock, Wis., March 4, 1870. R. Richardson, bones; J. Richardson, tambo; E. Castle, middle man; Williams, Danforth, Hays and Benoit were in the company.

LONG & DINMORE’S SABLE HARMONISTS: formerly the PHILADELPHIA SABLE HARMONISTS, were made up of Mr. Jenkins, banjo; William La Conta, bones; Adams, violin; Rudolph, tambo; Henry, second banjo; and Cripp, triangle. In June, 1848, they reappeared at the Chestnut Street Theatre. While there, they produced a burlesque in which George Holman, Mr. Deaves, Mr. Kavanaugh, J. Weaver, D. Kelly, F. Solomon, Mrs. Harriet Phillips (afterwards Mrs. George Holman), Mrs. McCormick, and Mme. Burette appeared. In 1849, Dan Bryant joined this party and traveled South with them.

LONG’S (CHARLEY) MINSTRELS: commenced operations October 2, 1866, in Warren, Mass. The company consisted of Charley Long, Harry Buckley, Dick Carlton, J. W. Martin, D. Chase, C. P. Edwards, A. C. Moore, Master Billy, J. Ryan, F. Paige, and T. H. De Witt.

LOSEE’S MINSTRELS: were traveling in 1848 and it was with them that Dan Bryant first appeared in burnt cork.

LOZARDO’S COMPANY: who had a minstrel party traveling through the Southwest by boat, enlarged the boat while in Columbus, Ky., adding fifty more seats, making the total seating capacity four hundred. In his party were Billy Wellington (colored) and his father, Duke Wellington. On December 18, 1875, they opened in Tiptonville, Tenn.

LYCEUM MINSTRELS: was the name of a party that opened at the Lyceum Theatre, San Francisco, Cal., in 1858, the same night that George Christy’s Minstrels opened in that city. S. A. Wells, Charles Henry, Charles Backus, C. D. Abbott, Frank Hussey, Frank Medina, Max Zorer, T. Raleigh, W. M. Barker, Tom Romaime, M. D. Edmonds, Master Lewis, and Mike Mitchell were in the troupe. After playing there seventy-five nights, they made a tour of the mountain towns. Eph Horn joined them January 3, 1859.

MACKIN, WILSON, SUTTON & BERNARDO’S MINSTRELS: left Philadelphia May 21, 1877, with Sam S. Sanford as business agent, for a Western trip with Mackin, Wilson, Charles Sutton, Bernardo, J. H. Stout, the Levino Bros., and Prof. Froside.

MAGUIRE’S EMPIRE MINSTRELS: consisted of Charles Petrie, John Marks, Tom Allen, Alex Ross, W. H. Brownell, and Ida Brown. Clark and Fletcher were managers. They started in August, 1861, and performed through the South under canvas.

MAGUIRE’S MINSTRELS: were organized in the fall of 1855 by Thomas Maguire, the principal members of whom were of the San Francisco Minstrels, including R. M. Hooley, S. A. Wells, Billy Birch, Max Zorer, Charles Henry, John W. Smith and E. Deaves. Maguire took from San Francisco in July, 1865, a band to Virginia City, Nev., and played them in his theatre there with Walter Bray Stephenson, Lew Rattler, De Angelis and others. He organized and opened at the Academy of Music, San Francisco, February 22, 1866, with Charles E. Collins, Jake Wallace, C. R. Clinton, George Edmunds, Frank Medina, Senor Pinto, Dan Delaney, A. J. Talbot, Frank Hussey, Joe Mabbott, E. Naublom, Harry Williams, J. Heating, Prof. Freeman, and Joe Taylor. They closed March 26 and went to Sacramento, but re-appeared at the Academy, April 3.

MAHARA’S GEORGIA’S: opened in March, 1876, with Billy Wilson, Taylor, Brown, Charles Crusoe, Charles Benson, Keenan, and Morton. They were sent to California in March by J. Haverly. In February, 1877, Haverly and Maguire had no further control of this party and they sailed on March 29 for Australia under the management of C. B. Hicks. This party was in Melbourne in November, 1877. They then made a lengthy tour through Queensland and New South Wales, returning to Melbourne in May, 1878. In June, 1878, Haverly became sole proprietor, with Callender as manager. They opened the season of 1878-79 at St. Louis, August 26. On January 6, 1879, they opened in San Francisco. Also see CALLENDER’S GEORGIA’S.

MAINSTER’S MINSTRELS: started from Albany, N. Y., and opened at Kinderhook N. Y., July 19, 1875, with the following company: John Henshaw, the Haley Bros., George Hunter, Walter Gale, Alf Lawton, Ed Kane and others.

MANNING’S MINSTRELS: formerly EMERSON & MANNING’S, closed their season in Chicago, May 28, and traveled. For several weeks after this party had opened in Chicago, the theatre was inadequate to accommodate the crowds, the receipts ranging from $1,000 to $1,200 nightly. Billy Emerson could not stand success and the consequence was a dissolution of copartnership. Ben Cotton happened to arrive in Chicago from California just at that time and he took Emerson’s place and became a great favorite. The company closed in Chicago, June 3, 1871, but re-opened the season in that city August 21 with Kemble, Cotton, J. H. Budworth, Schoolcraft, Coes, Harry Talbot, Peasley, Fitzgerald, Stevie Rogers, C. S. Fredericks, James Lamont, C. Markham, Long, Frank Kent and Charles Hunneman. The house was burned down during the great fire of October 1871 and the party traveled. They located in St. Louis, in October, but closed there on December 21. See EMERSON & MANNING’S MINSTRELS.

MARDO & HERNANDEZ CAMPBELLS: was a party made up in New York from the company that closed at 444 Broadway. They went on the road in April, 1859, under the management of Mardo and A. M. Hernandez, and consisted of T. Simpson, musical director; J. K. Campbell, Dick Berthelon, L. R. Crandall, D. Gallagher, T. Campbell, Add Weaver, and Master Barney.

MARINE MINSTRELS: started from Cincinnati, O., October 12, 1874. They had a boat on which they gave their entertainments, visiting all the principal towns along the Ohio River below Cincinnati. Abe Lee, S. A. Howard, Ned Belmont, J. K. Larrimore, John Barlowe, Prof. Louis Graeber, L. Brand, Charles Felix Echenez, Sam Newton, and P. W. West. They closed September 1, 1875, in Evansville, Ind.

MARSH’S MINSTRELS: organized and started for a tour through Pennsylvania in November, 1869. On November 16, S. S. Purdy joined them and they were called S. S. PURDY’S MINSTRELS with Purdy and Gardner on the ends.

MARTIN’S MINSTRELS: were organized by M. W. Martin in 1855 for a tour. Their last performance took place May 9, 1857, at Levering’s Hall, Philadelphia, Sixth Street and Germantown Road with J. M. Harvey, Billy Martin, C. Stokes, J. M. Briggs, H. F. Pell, C. B. Myers, B. F. Wiley, John Darragh, A. S. Reeves. Wiley, Stokes, Harvey, Pell and Briggs are dead.

MAY’S CAMPBELLS: traveled in the West in September, 1858, and consisted of Jimmy Martin, Frank May, William H. Silver, J. H. Bryant, J. C. Abbott, J. C. Davitt, R. J. St. Clair, C. Brightmore, E. and R. Ray.

MAZEPPA MINSTRELS: were organized in Newark, N. J., in August, 1864., with Billy Hart, bones; Frank Howard, tambo; Matt Ward, George W. Howard, Dick Burt, Master Johnny, Mark Sanderson, Henry White, Charles W. Porter, C. Parkhurst, W. W. Jones, S. W. Pierson, Henry Price, George Thompson, M. Savage, and Master Moore.

MCALLISTER & POLEY: started from Whitehall, N. Y., August, 1873, with a company for a tour through New York State, but their trip was a short one as they collapsed at Whitehall, N. Y., in November.

MCALLISTER’S MINSTRELS: were organized in Troy, N. Y., and consisted of Billy McAllister, proprietor and manager; Flynn, Enson, Ripley, Reede, Charles M. Bassett, R. H. Salter, Thomas Desney, John Sharp, D. W. Clark, John Ryan, Edward Martin, William Straub and Charles Morton. They opened in Cohoes, N. Y., September 23, 1878.

MCCHESNEY & BRIGGS: opened Apollo Hall, Columbus, Ohio, in August, 1861, with a band consisting of Charles Sanford, Ned Foster, Harry Thompson; W. E. Manning, bones; J. W. Smith, J. Stout; W. H. Griffin, jig; Gus Clark, H. Herman, and Wallace. The company was later called WILSON’S MINSTRELS.

MCDONNALL & DEWEE’S HARMONIANS: were organized in Philadelphia in September, 1859, with Ned McDonnall, Mrs. E. McDonnall, Tilly Ludwig, Carl Eckman, J. B. Jennings, A. Williams, C. Augusta, J. Dewees, Billy Brown, and Ralph Rees.

MCFARLAND’S MINSTRELS: was organized in Detroit, Mich., in 1867. George H. Primrose was in the company, he making his debut as “Master Georgie, the Infant Clog Dancer.”

MCGINLEY’S MINSTRELS: consisted of C. Chatwick, Mike Quinn, Emma Perkins Tony Ward, John Cook, Sarah McGinley, J. Wilson, Master Bobby, T. Vaughan, and Tony Ward. They gave their initial performance October 27, 1886, in Salt Lake City.

MCGOWAN’S (DICK) MINSTRELS: with Johnny Boyd, Hugh Clark, Dick and Johnny McGowan, Jerry Learey, Joe Reynolds, Frank Stephens, H. W. Long, Charles Sanford, and Prof. Latine as the party, were in Kentucky in July, 1865. They intended making a trip to Mexico but collapsed at Hickman, Ky., July 4.

MEAD’S TROUPE OF ETHIOPIANS: consisting of S. B. Mead, proprietor; J. M. Warriner, manager and stage director; H. M. Wood, treasurer; and C. N. Beeker, agent; and the following performers: Bideaux, Harvey Paul, bones; R. I. Turner, guitar; G. C. Rich, violincellist; G. C. Stanley, contra basso; J. M. Warriner, middle man; Joseph Breckly, cornet; William C. Wertner, basso; William Walsh, second violin; Charley Mead, William H. Lewis, T. J. Huntley, banjo and jig; Andrew Keller, piccolo; Master Thomas Paul, wench; Little Bobby Mead, snare drum; Dan Evans, tambo; Joe Morris, S. B. Mead, Joseph Emmett, and J. Henry Murphy traveled through the East in 1862. In June several changes were made in the party. W. C. Buckley, C. Maurettie, Master M. Snow, and Master Tom Donnelly were added and the party was called HOOLEY’S MINSTRELS.

MELODEON MINSTRELS: consisted of Max Irwin, H. W. Eagan, Fenno Burton, Johnny Williams, Joseph Whittaker, Bob Hall, Johnny Winans, J. Vincent, and T. Johnson. John P. Smith was business agent. They opened at the Melodeon, Baltimore, September, 1860.

MELVILLE’S (CHARLES) MINSTRELS: was organized in New Jersey and gave their initial performance, December 15, 1860, at Jersey City. The company consisted of Charles Melville, C. Lewis, D. M. Holt, Frank Wells, D. P. English, A. Morris, William Blythe, L. H. Rink, George Chilcothe, William Wilson, Charles Arthur, G. S. Williams, J. G. Van Duyn, George Akerman, and James Gordon. Melville and Akerman were proprietors.

MERRILL’S MINSTRELS: organized and opened in Milwaukee, Wis., on April 30, 1875, with F. N. Merrill as proprietor and the following performers: W. L. Forsyth, Will Sutherland, George Duncan, Gus Edgar, Harry Robins, Frank Dean, Nick Webber, Joe Dickey, D. J. White, C. A. Campbell, W. A. Hathaway, August Giest, J. M. Nathans, J. P. Henderson, Fred Marsh, and Henry Eicks.

METROPOLITAN MINSTRELS: commenced in December, 1858, with C. H. Mortimer, C. G. Foster, J. H. Rice, G. W. Melville, George Douglass, G. Dunbar, H. Thompkins, Add Weaver, and Master Barney. They traveled through Ohio.

MILLIMAN’S (ZEKE) MINSTRELS: opened in Barrington, Mass., on September 28, 1869, with Billy Frear and Zeke Milliman on the ends and G. Green, Master Zeke, Gus Newhouse, H. D. Maston, M. W. Clifton, B. Fredericks, M. Isaacs and C. Muller in the company.

MILLWARD, MC CAULEY & OTES: organized a party and opened at Norfolk, Va., March 14, 1864, with G. W. Herman, F. Welch, W. Blythe, F. Harrison, A. Manahan, F. Newhold, Master Stewart, E. May, W. Anderson, T. A. Smith, J. Gastel, and W. Sanderson.

MINOR’S ETHIOPIAN: consisted of’ Johnny Minor, W. Bassie, Joe Bryant, Frank Wilson, John Richards, Robert Beale, John Collins, Robert Hughes, Edward Ripley, Dick Shelly, and John Mulligan. They organized in the South in May, 1860.

MITCHELL’S MINSTRELS AND JESTERS: was a company organized and opened April 30, 1855, at Melodeon Hall, Cincinnati, Ohio, with Mike Mitchell, Johnny Booker, Paul Berger, E. G. Kneeland, Maestro Ronero, Edwin Deaves, N. G. Foster, Woodruff, A. Hanley, Master Ralph and George Cadedo.

MOCKING BIRD MINSTRELS: was composed of a party of darkies belonging to Philadelphia who organized and played in barrooms for pennies during 1855-56. They were afterwards engaged by three white man who organized the Alabama Slaves and played Philadelphia and vicinity.

MONITOR MINSTRELS: opened in Vicksburg, Miss., July 21, 1863, under Frank Berger’s direction. The company consisted of Tom Clannon, bones; Frank Berger, Ed Palmer, Master Harry, John Freeberthyser, Frank Small, Cecile Berger, and Kate Sauffey.

MONSTER MINSTREL ORGANIZATION: was a band formed in New York, made up from the company that Hooley had had in Williamsburg and Brooklyn. They opened in Newark, N. J., March 22, 1869, and consisted of G. W. Jackson, Billy Rice, J. K. Campbell, Joe Mack, M. B. Leavitt, Masters George and Tommy, Joseph Cook, Kaufman, Thomas Whiting, G. P. and Robert Barnard, Lenzberg, John White, G. F. Hemmings, and John P. Smith, agent.

MOORE, CROCKER & RITTER PARTY: who, in November, 1864, withdrew in Liverpool from the Montague-Wilson’s Christy’s and organized a band of “Christy’s.” The band consisted of G. W. Moore, J. P. Crocker, J. Ritter, H. Hamilton, F. St. Clair, L. Rainford, J. C. Norman, J. Lumbard, D. Crosby, F. Medex, J. Williams, and L. Williams. They gave their first performance at Chester, England, November 20, and afterwards went on a tour. Unsworth and Eugene joined them soon after they commenced traveling.

MOORE & BURGESS CHRISTY’S: Nelse Seymour appeared on the tambo end in July, 1869. Wambold and Bernard also appeared for three nights during July, Backus taking the opposite end to Seymour, and Bernard in the middle. After they closed, S. S. Purdy appeared. Moore’s Christy’s increased their first part in June, 1870, to forty-one performers. Hughey Dougherty opened with Moore & Burgess’ Christy’s party May 20, 1872. McKee and Rogers and Billy Emmett opened with Moore & Burgess Nov. 3, 1873. Hughey Dougherty arrived in London from the Cape of Good Hope on November 25, 1874, and opened with Moore & Burgess’ party on December 7. Quilter and Goldrich opened with Moore & Burgess’ party in April, 1875. Canfield and Booker opened with the Moore & Burgess party July 3, 1875.

MOORE & DEARY’S VIRGINIA SERENADERS: started from Pennsylvania in July, 1859, and went on a traveling tour through the East.

MORAN’S (FRANK) MINSTRELS: formerly DIXEY’S & MORAN’S, before C. F. Dixey retired to private life. James H. Budworth opened September 30. On October 28, Billy Manning took Moran’s place on the end. E. M. Hall appeared the same date. Eugene and Unsworth opened November 25. J. J. Kelly left January 21, 1873, and his place was filled by S. Holdsworth. The season closed April 5, 1873, and the party traveled under the title MORAN & MANNING’S MINSTRELS until June 24. See also DIXEY & MORAN’S MINSTRELS.

MORAN’S MINSTRELS: was organized and opened at Concert Hall, Chestnut Street, near Twelfth, Philadelphia, September 5, 1864. They called it the Chestnut Street Opera House and featured Frank Moran, E.. Bowers, M. Bryan, J. Purcell, W. Norton, S. C. Campbell, T. Gettings, and T. R. Deverell. In October, Allison and Hincken were announced as managers. They suspended performances for a while late in November, but re-opened December 12, 1864, to close altogether shortly after.

MORGAN & LUMBARD’S ALPINE MINSTRELS: was organized in Gloversville, N. Y., in February, 1860, and traveled with Ruff Williams, J. C. Morgan, W. Nathan, H. Lum, M. Marcy, Mark Deross, and J. H. Foller.

MORNINGSTAR’S MINSTRELS: under the management of Charles A. Morningstar, started from Memphis, Tenn., May 30, 1865. Hugh Hamall, Ned Stanley, Harry Causland, O. P. Sweet, John Rushton, and Ned Raymond made up the party, which was of short duration.

MORRILL, WAYNE & GLEASON’S PARTY: organized in Eastham, Mass., in February, 1861, and started on the 4th for a tour with William Wayne, Charles Gleason, George Hartford and John Morrill.

MORRIS, DEMONT & GARDNER’S MINSTRELS: opened on March 5, 1870, at Rockford, Ill., with Ed White, Fred Alexander, Prof. Horgan, Carl Knowles, William Tucker, John Manning, Ned Freeman, McFisher, John Steger, Pete Baker, C. J. Williams, Mons. Boening, S. Andrews, Harry Wright, and Sam Cole.

MORRIS & WILSON’S MINSTRELS: formerly MORRIS, BROCKWAY & JOHN E. TAYLOR’S MINSTRELS, after an extended tour through the country, located at their new opera house, Fifth and Pine Streets, St. Louis, Mo., opening April 10, 1865, with the following company: C. A. Morris, Fred Wilson, H. G. Thomoson, O. H. Carter, Johnny Pierce, Billy Manning, Mike Kannane, L. Cook, Frank Wells, Mike Miller, Jules Seidel, C. Kommefsky, James Barney, Oscar Kress, and Harry Pelt. In January, 1866, Fred Wilson and J. K. Emmett occupied the ends. In February, 1867, Charles A. Morris retired from the management and Fred Wilson became sole manager and proprietor.

MORRIS, BROCKWAY & JOHN E. TAYLOR’S MINSTRELS: organized in Boston in July and gave their first public performance July 28, 1861, at Gloucester, Mass. They made an extended tour. In April, 1862, a re-organization took place, with the following people in the company: Dick Sands, W. E. Brockway, A. Jones, C. A. Morris, W. P. Spalding, E. Miles, A. H. Carter, Master Henry, D. Webster Collins, W. Blythe, De Witt Goodwin, George French, and Stratten. In February, 1864, Lew Simmons and Cal Wagner were on the ends. The company closed for the summer in June, 1864. They reorganized for the fall and winter season of 1864-5, with Jules Stratton, C. A. Morris, Charles Fox, Cal. Wagner, Blakeney, Ned West, T. Russell, and Japanese Tommy. Fred Wilson soon after became a partner with Morris and the company was known as MORRIS & WILSON’S MINSTRELS.

MORRIS BROS, PELL & HUNTLEY: having withdrawn from the Ordway Aeolians, organized a band December 14, and opened at the Howard Athenaeum, Boston, December 20, 1857. After a brief stay there, they opened at Horticultural Hall, January 4, 1858, and in a few weeks opened at the School Street Opera House, adjoining Parker House, same city. Dick Sliter appeared February 15. Shortly after, this party went on a tour, opening in Philadelphia, May, 1858, at S. S. Sanford’s Minstrel Hall. They returned to Boston and re-opened at the School Street house October 18. On January 9, 1859, they appeared at the Boston Theatre for the benefit of E. L. Davenport. A benefit was given to the troupe March 19 at the Boston Museum. They were called MORRIS BROS., PELL & TROBRIDGE’S MINSTRELS.

MORRIS BROS., PELL & TROWBRIDGE’S MINSTRELS: [See MORRIS BROS., PELL & HUNTLEY] on May 14 gave the last performance of the season at the Boston Museum. They started May 16 for a tour, with Frank Brower, Fred Wilson, Dick Sliter, Ambrose A. Thayer, Lon Morris, Billy Morris, Johnny Pell, J. C. Trowbridge, W. H. Brockway, Carl Troutman, E. W. Prescott, J. C. Gilbert, Masters Rentz and Tommy. They, having leased Ordway Hall, opened it on August 29, after giving up the School Street house. Dick Carroll was added to the party. David Wambold, who had closed at Wood’s in New York, opened December 19; and early in January, 1860, Eph Horn and Add Weaver opened, followed on the 23rd by Little Barney. Fred Wilson left for England February 22. In May 21, 1860, they started on their third tour, with Gilbert, Troutman, Wilson, E. Bowers, Wambold, Thayer, A. Werner, R. Carroll, Herr Endres, Herr Hess, Barney, C. A. Morris, E. Sutton, Master Kent (Welch), Lon Morris, Billy Morris, Pell, Trowbridge, Brockway and Prescott. They re-appeared in Boston, August 11, at the Museum and opened their hall August 20. In November several changes were made. Wilson and Brockway re-appeared. Edwin Kelly joined them May 10. And on May 18 the party closed their season in Boston and commenced a tour on May 20. In November, 1861, F. Wilmarth, tenor, joined. After another season in Boston they closed May 24, 1862. During the last week of the season Napier Lothian, A. B. Chase, D. B. Boardman, and Johnny Queen joined the party. After a tour they re-opened in Boston, August 4, and among the newcomers was R. Fredericks, baritone. They closed the season May 16, 1863, and made a summer tour. They commenced their next season August 3, 1863, and it proved a most brilliant one. The next season opened with about the same company. Eph Horn appeared August 3, 1864, and remained until October 25, when the hall was destroyed by fire. The Morris Brothers lost the scenes and properties of the pantomime of “Magic Horn,” valued at $1,000. All the instruments of the company were saved. This hall was previously known as the Old Province House, afterwards Ordway Hall, and the Morris Bros. had occupied it some four years. The company then went to the Tremont Theatre, Boston, where they remained during the rebuilding of their opera house, which they opened December 21, 1864. At the close of the season they made their regular summer trip; and returning to Boston, re-opened August 7, 1865, with the following company: Lon and Billy Morris, Johnny Pell, Trowbridge, George F. Ketchum, M. Koerber, N. Lothian, J. L. Gilbert, D. W. Boardman, J. P. Endress, G. W. Jackson, E. W. Prescott, R. M. Carroll, Johnny Queen, Charles Pettengill, Aug Schnieder, D. J. Maginnis, M. Van Stane, and E. C. Clements. Trowbridge withdrew from the co-partnership in April, 1867, and Lon and Billy Morris continued to manage the show, while Trowbridge remained in the company on salary. On the 19th of August, 1867, they commenced another season in Boston with the following company: Johnny Mack, Hughey Dougherty, Lon Harris, J. L. Blodgett, D. W. Boardman, Ball, Heep, Sawin, Coleman, White, Moore, Gilbert, Prescott, Jackson, Barney, Kelly, Master Barney, Sheridan and Mack, and Miss Frank Christy. This company of managers sold out their interest in their hall in Boston and went on the road, traveling in October, 1869. The party then consisted of Lon, Charles, and Billy Morris, Master Lon Morris, Billy Sweatnam, M. Ainsley Scott, Henry Young, C. A. Jones, E. W. Prescott, E. Holmes, G. W. Jackson, Charles Knowlton, William Henry, E. Kirwin, F. Adams, Fred Emerson, J. Humphreys, and Bernardo, with Charles A. Jones, agent. Having secured Wilson & Harris’ Opera House, they did not remain long; as they soon took to the road, with Lon Morris as manager and the following company: Charles Sutton, Bernardo, W. A. Barlow, F. Adams, E. W. Prescott, C. Lavalee, E. Holmes, Walter Bates, Charles A. Jones, Billy Emmett, Japanese Tommy, J. F. Barlow, George F. Clarendon, Frank Campbell, W. Henri, C. W. Knowlton, J. McPhail, M. Keogh and others. They were traveling through the East in June, 1870, with Lon and Billy Morris as proprietors. Billy Morris and Sweatnam occupied the ends and M. Ainsley Scott, interlocutor. The party was on the road for the season of 1872-73. They opened in New Bedford, Mass., December 3, 1877, under the management of Charles Morris, with Flem Adams as agent; Billy Morris, J. Garland, Charles Sutton, Frank Campbell, Bernardo, D. Holbrook, the Barlow Bros., E. Kirwin, and R. Melville.

MORRIS’ ETHIOPIAN OPERA TROUPE: was a party of colored individuals who gave a performance at Rochester, N. Y., April 26, 1858. Johnny Codey, jig dancer, was in the party. After visiting a few places, they closed.

MORRIS’ NEW ORLEANS MINSTRELS: reorganized in Chattanooga, Tenn., December 1, 1875, with Charles Duprez as manager and with the following people: Prof. William A. Tobin, James Lilley, J. B. Jackson, George Morton, James Henessy, Charles Foster, M. Jones, and William Lewis.

MORRIS’ (C. A.) PARTY: organized in Pittsburgh, Pa., in November, 1868, and opened at Buffalo, November 2. Add Ryman, Billy Sweatnam, Jimmy Quinn, Rosenthal were in the party. Johnny Hart soon after joined and took one of the ends. Joe Rainer appeared January 13, 1869.

MUDGE & GAYNOR’S MINSTRELS: organized in Pittsburgh, Pa., and left there on November 29, 1876, to travel through the oil regions. Hank Mudge, James Gaynor, Johnny Bowman and others went along.

MUDGE & PARMELEE’S MINSTRELS: gave their first show May 28, 1868, at Hartford, Conn.

MUNROE’S MINSTRELS: started from Reading, Pa., under the management of John N. Shearer, December 13, 1875, with H. J. Munroe, Harry Morgan, Billy West, Weidner, Shaich, Clorne and a full brass band. They reorganized in October, 1876.

MURPHY & BRAY’S MINSTRELS: opened the American Theatre, San Francisco, Cal., June 1, 1864. In the party were the Worrell Sisters, W. H. Smith, Sterling, Corrister, Stadfelt and Edmunds. In November, this party having returned to San Francisco from a tour in the interior, appeared at the American Theatre, San Francisco.

MURPHY & SESSIONS’ SABLE AEOLIANS: started in February, 1860, for a trip down the Mississippi River with S. Purdy, Harry Pell, A. G. Cooper, Fitzgerald, West, Stay, E. W.. Straight, and Sprung. In April they located at the St. Louis Museum.

MURPHY AND MACK: opened in Salt Lake City August 18, 1869, with a party consisting of Joe Murphy, Ben Cotton, Johnny Mack, Theodore Jackson, Armest Beaumont and others.

MYERS & LANDIS’ VIRGINIA SERENADERS: was organized in 1855 with J. R. Myers, H. Conrad, R. Moore, Paul Berger, R. F. Myers, J. Williams, B. S. Bowen, J. Cluskey, J. Conrad, and J. M. Landis. In 1857 they performed at the Melodeon, Chestnut Street above Sixth, Philadelphia. In consequence of the hall being destroyed by fire in June, 1857, they went traveling and continued on the road for several seasons. In July, 1860, Ford and Smith were in the party.

MYERS’ (DICK) MINSTRELS: were organized in Philadelphia in January, 1858, with J. R. (Dick) Myers, J. Unsworth, Paul Berger, J. and H. Conrad.

NATIONAL MINSTRELS: was a party formed in San Francisco, Cal., in May, 1863, for a tour of the mountain towns with Walter Bray, J. H. O’Neil, Ned Hamilton, T. F. Barnwell, George Edmunds, J. C. Brown, and Max Zorer.

NEW HAVEN SERENADERS: were made up July 4, 1860, in New Haven, Conn., with G. A. Ford, bones; G. M. Boardman, A. C. Stone, Barnes, W. E. Harvey, H. H. Stephens, J. C. Osborne, R. Robinson, E. Burney, E. T. Hendricks; and R. D. Gillette, tambo.

NEW ORLEANS AND METROPOLITAN BUBLESQUE TROUPE: was organized in 1857 under the management of J. G. H. Shorey, W. Carle and C. H. Duprez. They continued traveling for some time, meeting with success. In August, 1858, they visited the Eastern country with Shorey, Scott, Harrison, Carle, Green, Johnson, Mlle. Estelle, Celestine, and Madame Howard. In May, 1859, E. Bowers took Shorey’s position for a few weeks. In consequence of sickness in July, this party chartered a steamboat and visited the principal points in Rhode Island frequented by pleasure seekers. In November, the title of the company was changed to SHOREY, CARLE, DUPREZ & GREEN’S MINSTRELS.

NEW ORLEANS BURLESQUE TROUPE: started from Jersey, in March, 1859. They consisted of Charles Melville, C. Bovee, W. Jacobs, M. A. Scott, W. Herman, J. Welply, E. Harrison, Master Warren, H. Hill, and E. Perrine. They disbanded at Harrisburg, Pa., September 18, 1859.

NEW ORLEANS MINSTRELS: [See NEW ORLEANS SERENADERS] Nelson Kneass, S. S. Sanford, J. H. Collins, J. C. Rainer, G. Swaine Buckley, Max Zorer, Master Lewis, Master Ole Bull, and J. Burke comprised the company. In September they visited Philadelphia and appeared at Sansom Street Hall, then to Masonic Hall, same city, where they remained during the holidays of 1849-50. At the breaking out of the California fever they became desirous of visiting that golden El Dorado and, after giving concerts in various cities and towns in Mexico, they landed at San Francisco, Cal., in 1852. During their sojourn in California they gave concerts in the principal towns and visited the mines where they were compelled to perform in tents, which were overcrowded, notwithstanding the price of admission was three dollars a ticket. They made money rapidly but experienced great suffering and some startling risks of their lives. When the rainy season had submerged the country, they were obliged to swim their mules through the most dangerous torrents to return to San Francisco, where they performed for fifty consecutive nights to crowded houses. During their traveling, George was the advance agent and principal performer. They visited all the mining regions, climbing and fording their way on mules over mountains, rivers, and through flood. They returned to New York in June, 1853, where they determined to locate permanently. Accordingly, they leased the building then known as the Chinese Rooms, which they converted at considerable expense into an opera house, where they produced, with all the concomitants of scenery, costumes and properties, a succession of burlesque operas to crowded and fashionable audiences. “Cinderella” had a consecutive run of six months. They remained there three years. They were the first to give burlesque operatic performances. Their operas were magnificently mounted and elegantly costumed. Eph Horn and Tom Briggs joined them at 539 Broadway in March, 1854. In the early part of 1856 they resolved upon erecting a more commodious building where they could have greater scope for the scenic and dramatic effect of their operas. They secured a lease of the premises, No. 585 Broadway, directly opposite the Metropolitan Hotel, which they converted into a beautiful bijou theatre. It was first opened to the public on the evening of August 25, 1856, with a minstrel entertainment, which concluded with a burlesque upon the opera of “II Trovatore.” Encouraged by the success they had met with in the performance of their burlesque operas, they attempted to give the same in white faces. The novelty attracted for a few weeks but it was found that without the Negro dialect and make-up their performances lacked spirit and the attendance fell off. Eph Horn left them in the spring of 1857. They closed in New York, June 22, 1857. On August 22 they started for a tour of the Western country, playing in white face. They appeared at Jayne’s Hall, Philadelphia, in December. They returned to New York and opened at 585 Broadway in December and, after giving the burlesque operas for a while, returned to the old style minstrel performances. On January 9, 1858, owing to bad business, they closed; and on January 11 appeared at 444 Broadway, previously occupied by Christy & Wood’s Minstrels. Dick Sliter was then in the party. Their stay there was a brief one, for they soon took to the road (February 27). They opened at Ordway Hall, Boston, 1858, while the Ordway’s Aeolians went traveling. They remained there only two weeks, as business was bad. They opened at Allston Hall, Boston, as BUCKLEY’S SERENADERS.

NEW ORLEANS OPERA TROUPE: organized for a tour through the East, in July, 1859, with Harry Sprague, manager; A. C. Smith, S. A. Jordan, L. B. Patterson, T. F. Craig, J. H. Curran, Pete Lee, and Bob Pratt.

NEW ORLEANS OPERA TROUPE: was under the management of Mr. Sanford. They started in Philadelphia in 1849. April 19, 1852, they appeared in the Astor Place Opera House, New York, with Lynch, Kavanagh, Sanford, Rainer, Collins, McKenna, Leibenstine, Master Sanford, “Ole Bull” (A. Wyatt), and George Linguard. On August 12, 1853, Sanford opened the first minstrel opera house ever built expressly for that business. It was located at the corner of Thirteenth and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia. In the company were J. H. Kavanagh, George Holman, Nather, Lynch, Collins, Rainer, S. S. Sanford, R. H. Sliter, A. Wyatt, Master Schmitz, Von Bonhorst, and Nelson Kneass. The house was destroyed by fire December 9, 1853. Sanford at once started out on a traveling tour with Collins, Rainer, Lynch, Wyatt, Holden, Cool White, Amici, King, Kavanagh, Sliter, and Master Sanford. In August and September, 1854, Sanford had a party in New York (at the Stuyvesant). Cool White joined Sanford in Philadelphia in September, 1856, Charley White having opened there two months previous. In May, 1857, the company went traveling. They re-opened in Philadelphia, January, 1858. J. L. Carncross, ballads; B. S. Lowen, banjo; and Young America, jig. During this month he distributed five thousand pounds of bread to the poor of Philadelphia. Harry Huntington, banjoist, appeared in March. In May he went on his annual tour. Cool White withdrew in October but returned in January, 1859. E. F. Dixey, bones, and J. T. Huntley opened here October, 1858. The company went on a tour in March, 1859, with the following people: Cool White, Von Bonhorst, Dixey, Kavanagh, Holden, Carncross, Paul, Finnie, Rainer, Perry, Strum, Hughes, Lindsay, James, Julia, Pauline, S. S. and Master Sanford. In consequence of sickness, Cool White withdrew soon after starting but recovered his heath after an illness of three months. In August, 1859, Bideaux, Dick Sliter, Archy Hughes, C. Brittinghoffer, C. Parrine, Dan Gardner, W. C. Dickinson, R. S. Lindsay and Prof. Kreistzer were in the company. Bob Simpson, “cloggist,” joined this party in October. In December, 1859, while traveling South, quite an incident took place during the visit of the company to Milledgeville, Ga. While Mr. Hughes, the dancer, was performing an act, considerable excitement was created by the sudden appearance of a six-footer, making his way down the aisle towards the stage; and as he reached the dancer he exclaimed, holding out a gold watch: “Here, stranger, by ——! Take my watch. You beat hell!” At the conclusion of the dance, Mr. Hughes offered to return the watch; but the senator, for it was the Hon. Mr. Tatum, said: “No Sir-ee! I mean it. And you can go to the penitentiary and have your name engraved on it, for the only engraver we have in the state is in prison.” In May, 1860, Sanford started from Philadelphia on his eleventh summer tour with the following people: Robert White, J. M. Landis, Sam Sharpley, Dixey, J. R. Myers, O. Perry, Holden, T. A. Beckett, James Glenn, Finnie, Morris Edmunds, Von Bonhorst, Master Frances, Julia Sanford, Dick Sliter, J. Paul, C. Campbell, Abecco, Carncross and Williams. A walk-around called “Go, Bear the News, My Lady,” written by Artemus Ward expressly for Sanford, was produced in Philadelphia in August, 1860. In November, 1861, the company consisted of Carncross, Dixey, Cool White, Holden, J. L. Palmer, J. T. Cocks, W. Shackleton, Hughey Dougherty, G. L. Hall, Frank Moran, T. A. Beckett, James Arnold, Wagstaff, M. C. Campbell, S. Hilsee, Archie Hughes, J. Paul, P. Buch, Joseph Glenn, C. Pearce, Ira Paine, R. Lindsay, J. Ward, Julia, Master and S. S. Sanford. This was a double company, as Sanford had leased the opera house in Harrisburg, Pa., and alternated his company between Harrisburg and Philadelphia for several weeks. In May, 1862, he closed and went traveling. He fitted up the small lower concert hall, 1219 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia (formerly used as a carriage repository), which he soon after closed up and went traveling. In June, 1862, the party closed very abruptly out West. In August he re-opened in Harrisburg, with J. Flake, J. Sanford, Haven, J. Williams, J. Woodsides, J. R. Myers, W. Batchelor, and J. Arnold. He re-opened the lower concert hall, Philadelphia, October 20 and closed November 15, taking to the road again, closing the Harrisburg place at the same time; which he re-opened December 1 and again closed March 3, 1863. After a traveling tour he opened at Barnum’s Museum, New York, July 6, with S. S. Sanford, J. Williams, E. T. Turner, F. Myers, J. L. Hall, and Haven.

NEW ORLEANS SERENADERS: in 1846 visited England; and after a tour of England, Ireland and Scotland of sixteen months, they returned to America and opened at the Society Library Rooms, New York, in November. This was their one hundred and sixty-eighth night there and they were then known as the NEW ORLEANS MINSTRELS.

NEW ORLEANS SERENADERS: organized in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., in September, 1860. Mike Runnell, Charles Tilvernsell, D. Atherton, Master Freerer, Mat Greyton, J. C. Smith, A. Wheeler, and R. Sweet were in the party.

NEW YORK MINSTRELS: started from New York under the management of Charles G. Clarke on November 30, 1865. Taylor, Delmae & Beasly were the proprietors. L. M. Reese, J. D. Roome, Dave Worden, Will Pierce, Goff Bishop, and Master Tommy.

NEW YORK MINSTRELS: was a new party formed in San Francisco, Cal., September 9, 1865, by Frank Hussey, C. Clinton, C. E. Collins (the “Cure”), and Jake Wallace. They opened September 13 at the Academy of Music, that city. They collapsed early in October.

MORRIS’ (C. A.) PARTY: organized in Pittsburgh, Pa., in November, 1868, and opened at Buffalo, November 2. Add Ryman, Billy Sweatnam, Jimmy Quinn, Rosenthal were in the party. Johnny Hart soon after joined and took one of the ends. Joe Rainer appeared January 13, 1869.

NEW YORK SERENADERS: were organized in 1849, and played in all the small towns through New Jersey (being the pioneer minstrel band in that state) and up to Philadelphia. George Winship was on the bone end.

NEW YORK SERENADERS: played in Honolulu for five months, then returned to San Francisco and embarked for Van Dieman’s Land with the same company. Owing to a mutiny on the ship, the troupe left the vessel at Otaheite, one of the Society lsland group, where the vessel touched to leave the mutineers. They gave six concerts there and then visited the Palace, having received a demand from Queen Pomares to amuse her. From there they took passage on a ship bound to Tasmania and arrived in Launceston in 1850. There they met John Mitchell, McManus and other expatriated Irishmen, who received the Serenaders with paternal cordiality. At that time (1850) they were the only Americans there. They played five months between Launceston and Hobart Town; thence to Sydney and were the first to introduce minstrelsy in Australia. They often had the patronage of Sir Arthur Fitzroy and Lady Keith Stewart. They then visited Melbourne, and back to Sydney; thence far off to India’s burning sands and were in Calcutta in 1851. They were the pioneers of minstrelsy in India. They were honored by the patronage of the Marquis of Dalhousie and Lady Dalhousie, the Duke of Wellington’s sister. They played before many of the rajahs and celebrities of Hindustan and went thence to Madras, thence to Ceylon, playing in that country for five months, performing at Point De Galle, Columbo, Kandy and thence to Bombay, still the pioneers. They returned over the same ground, playing the second time in Calcutta, traveling in India in the Peninsula and Oriental Steam Navigation’s steamer. There were six persons in the party and they paid 20,000 rupees to the steamer for six days’ traveling on that line. They soon after closed and returned to California. See also CALIFORNIA MINSTRELS and PRENDERGAST’S MINSTRELS.

NEWCOMB’S MINSTRELS: were formerly HORN & NEWCOMB. Billy Arlington became associated with Newcomb on November 6, 1865, and appeared on one of the ends, and the company was called NEWCOMB & ARLINGTON’S MINSTRELS. Arlington retired in March, 1867. It was while he was running this traveling troupe in his own name that he made his protracted stand at Wood’s Theatre, Cincinnati, and that he made olio features of acrobats, gymnasts, wire walkers, Dutch comedians like J. K. Emmett, and Chinese Giants. He opened at Wood’s Theatre July 8, 1867, remained open (except for two weeks courteously conceded to other parties) until June 13, 1868, then re-opened on the following July 3, and remained until November 7, when he resumed traveling. During his last three weeks at Wood’s his receipts were $26,000, larger than ever before taken in at a minstrel entertainment in the same time. This was due in a great measure to his having revived the gift-enterprise scheme so familiar from 1850 to 1854. At first he gave away $200 every night, and $100 at the matinees. This was increased during the third week to $350 every night, and $200 at the matinees. The wheel-of- fortune was on the stage and the drawings took place in the presence of the purchasers of tickets. The Bamford and Norman shooting affair took place an the afternoon of July 26, 1867. [See Brown’s Burnt Cork History, Firsts and Oddities.] The occasion of Messrs. Bamford and Norman’s reappearance was also that of Johnny Thompson’s debut. In the olio were Bob Hart, Billy Emerson, Frank Pell and Johnny Thompson. Joseph Rainer retired for a brief rest and Bob Hart took his place in the middle. Newcomb closed in Cincinnati, June 13, 1868. The hall was renovated and repaired and they re-opened at Wood’s Theatre, Cincinnati, July 3, 1868, with the same company, with the addition of Cool Burgess, A. J. Talbott and Joe Brown. “Cincinnatus,” a song and dance boy, who had been a newsboy in Cincinnati and had learned to imitate almost exactly Billy Emerson in his songs and dances, made his debut with this party October 12, 1868. The company closed in Cincinnati November 7 and went traveling. A change was made in the management early in October, 1868, C. A. Morris withdrawing and W. W. Newcomb becoming sole manager and proprietor. J. T. Gulick took the place of Mr. Morris. Several changes were made in April, 1869. L. H. West took R. Willis’ place as second violinist; Dick Parker left, and J. K. Campbell, banjoist, appeared; Ned West, clog dancer, left, and Justin Robinson, wench dancer, joined; Fayette Welch was replaced by Billy Rice as tambo; James T. Gulick left May 15, and the company closed for the season on August 21, 1869, at Columbus, Ohio. They reorganized in Indianapolis and opened there September 27, with J. Gulick, basso; Charles Hudson, tenor; T. McNally, leader; John Fielding, tambo; and Dave Wilson, bones. Joe K. Emmett appeared for a few weeks. They closed their season at Bridgeport, Conn., May 6, 1870. On March 1, 1871, Newcomb & Arlington secured the lease of the lower Apollo Hall, on Twenty-eighth Street (north side), a few doors west of Broadway, which they fitted up for a minstrel hall. They opened on April 17, 1871, with the following people: Newcomb, tambo; Arlington, bones; C. Reynolds, Charles Walters, Harry Stanwood, Willie and Tommy, Percy, Walz, Daly Bros., W. H. Rice, Charles Henry, J. J. H. Murphy, H. Schwicardi, J. B. Carter, Surridge, H. Percy, Donniker, F. Meyering, Charles Barton, Joseph and John Trigg, D. S. Lippe, J. Hammond, A. M. Brooks, J. G. Withers and F. Maly. Walter Bray opened May 8. “Cincinnatus” appeared May 15, Sam Price May 29, and the season closed June 10, and they made a traveling tour. They reopened in New York September 4, 1871, with about the same company. Andy McKee, D. S. Vernon and Jesse Williams were the new people. Business was bad and the season closed September 30, 1871.

NICHOLS & NORRIS’ MINSTRELS: traveled west in December, 1859. They had several of the tender sex in the troupe.

NICHOLS & SIMMONS’ MINSTRELS: formerly HART & SIMMONS’ MINSTRELS, Sam Cole took the end lately occupied by Hart. Col. T. Allston Brown shortly after withdrew from them, as salaries were not forthcoming and the party broke up in Ohio soon after.

NIGHTINGALES, THE: consisted of F. L. Fitch, H. B. Clark, Billy Roach, Master Eddy, E. H. Dudley, E. D. Groding, and Mad. Eloise. After a short stay in Chicago they went traveling.

NISH’S CHRISTY’S: were at Auckland, New Zealand, in October, 1865, and left October 6 to go further South. Wash Norton was with the troupe. On their farewell appearance there they appeared in white face, the occasion being for the benefit of Nish and Melvyn. Joe Brown left the Christy party March 15, 1866, for England, and opened at the St. James Hall, London, June 11.

NORRIS AND DUNCAN: started a party through the West in November, 1868. They lasted only one week. Bowman and Harris occupied the bone and tambo ends. Oscar Kress was the manager.

NORTHERN SERENADERS: were organized in 1844. Jackson, Freeman, Hanover and Robinson comprised the company.

NORTON’S (WASH) CHRISTY’S: arrived in Cape Town with a party on September 2, 1868, and played in Georgetown, Cape of Good Hope, October 23, 1868, and went thence to Mosel Bay, opening at the Theatre Royal, Port Elizabeth, November 2. They traveled through South Africa by their own wagons, making from sixty to seventy miles each day, performing the same night, which was done by no other company before. On February 10, 1869, they reached Murraysburg, South Africa, and reached St. Helena, May 22. On May 27 they sailed for Rio de Janeiro, where they arrived June 19, and Buenos Aires July 5, and opened there July 13. In the company were C. Steele, musical director; Cole and Wash Norton. Mr. Norton returned to London, arriving there October 2, from Rio de Janeiro. After visiting Paris he returned to London and opened with Christy’s at St. James’ Hall, March 19, 1870.

NORTON’S (WASH) MERRYMAKERS: was the name of a minstrel party that was organized in San Francisco for a tour around the world. They consisted of the following: Wash Norton and wife; Karl Steele, violinist and pianist; and Kirk and Drew, song and dance. They sailed from San Francisco December 4, 1877, and arrived in Yokohama, Japan, December 27, where they played to a fair business only. They left there January 9, 1878, and opened in Shanghai, China, January 16, and remained there two weeks. They appeared in Hong Kong on February 7 and left there February 14 for Singapore, where they did not perform in consequence of Dave Carson having possession of the principal hall. Next, they visited Penang and Calcutta, thence overland to Bombay, stopping at several places on the road. They opened in Calcutta April 6 for one month. Thence they went to Ceylon, Singapore, Java and Australia. At Calcutta, Kirk and Drew dissolved partnership.

O’NEIL (DICK) MINSTRELS: were organized in February, 1864. Add Weaver and Lew Brimmer were on the ends and Bob Hart in the middle.

OAKS’ MINSTRELS: had their origin when D. H. Oaks organized this party in May, 1854, for a traveling tour, but their existence was a brief one. R. M. Hooley was musical director; Johnny Booker, bones; Joe Brown, dancer; G. H. Gardner, tenor; and Young Dan Emmett, banjoist.

OHIO MINSTRELS: was the name of a party performing in the Adelaide Rooms, London, England, in December, 1858. They shortly after traveled through Ireland and Scotland and settled down in Liverpool in June, 1859, where they opened a new hall and were called FARRENBERG & BROWN’S (JOE) OHIO MINSTRELS. The party then consisted of J. Farrenberg, A. Humboldt, J. Stuckley, Ben Brandon, James J. Buckley, W. Jeff, J. Wallace, S. Brown, and Joe Brown.

OLD DOMINIAN SERENADERS: were organized in Richmond, Va., in 1844 with Old Bill Parrow, Joe Sweeney, John Sherman, Dick Swims, and Master Smith.

OLD DOMINION MINSTRELS: were organized in Richmond, Va., in 1850, where they played for three weeks in Odd Fellows Hall. Then they went on a traveling tour, stopping at Norfolk, Portsmouth and Suffolk, at which place they disbanded and returned to Richmond. In the party were John P. Smith (then known as John P. Weston) and J. H. Irwin (afterwards of the City Jail in Baltimore and a prominent politician) as tambo. The quartette consisted of J. Albert Allen (who afterward married the sister to James H. Taylor, the well known actor), Miles Phillips (now merchant in Richmond), Lawrence Kearns and John P. Weston (Smith). William Bailey and Tim Hays were also in the party.

OLYMPIC MINSTRELS: opened in Detroit, Mich., on July 14, 1868, under the management of O. W. Blake. The party consisted of J. W. McAndrews, Pete Lee, J. S. Stout, Master Harry, J. H. Carle, J. S. Edwards, T. H. Williams, B. K. Hodges, F. McAvoy, O. W. Blake, and N. Tenette.

OLYMPIC MINSTRELS: opened in Norfolk, Va., April 25, 1864. Ole Bull Myers, H. Walters, Henry Talbott, C. C. Lewis, Billy Fields, and John P. Smith (manager). They traveled East under the management of S. J. Carroll in October, but during that month collapsed, Carroll taking leave of the party in a hurry, leaving all the boys without paying the hall rent or hotel bill. They again started from New York and open on October 18, 1864, with Joseph Wadsworth, T. H., Jackson, M. B. Leavitt, Billy Blair, E. J. Kelly, George Germain, Fred Williams, J. L. Davenport, Masters Goodwin and Collins, J. H. Ackerson, H. Schultz, August Spech, and J. Driscoll. J. H. O’Neil and S. J.Carroll were proprietors.

OPERATIC BROTHERS AND SISTERS: were started early in 1845 and consisted of Dan Gardner, Sam Johnson, J. Myers, S. Cole, Charley White, Jerry Bryant (bones) and Barney Williams (tambourine). Barney also did a single act called “Dandy Jim of Caroline.” They played at Palmo’s Opera House, Vauxhall Garden and the Elysian Fields. It was with this party that Dan Gardner danced the first double polka in character.

ORDWAY’S AEOLIANS: were organized in Boston the latter part of 1849 by John P. Ordway and they opened at Harmony Hall, corner of Washington and Sumner Streets, December 16, 1849. G. Warren White, Howe, Reddington, Fabens, Gilmore (later known as P. S. Gilmore), King, Colburn, Edgar, and Donaldson. The following season J. R. Hector, Jerry and C. A. (Neil) Bryant, Abijah Thayer, S. B. Balls, E. Colburn, Master Wells and Gilmore were in the company. In January, 1852, their lease of Harmony Hall expiring, they went traveling through the East. E. H. Winchell, S. C. Howard, and H. M. Williams were engaged. Mr. Ordway then leased the old Province House, rear of 165 and 171 Washington Street, Boston, and nearly opposite the old South Church. They opened early in 1852. It was called Ordway Hall. John Diamond and young Dan Emmett joined them. They continued to occupy this hall for several years. In April, 1855, J. C. Trowbridge took a benefit, when Earl H. Pierce, John P. Ordway, Johnny Peel, E. W. Prescott, Tom Christian, J. C. Trowbridge, M. S. Pierce, Lewis Mairs (M. Lewis), Lon Morris, J. B. Donniker, and J. C. Howard appeared. In May, 1856, Johnny Peel, Billy and Dan Morris opened. In December, 1857, a rupture took place, when the Morris Bros., Peel and Huntley withdrew and opened at the Howard Athenaeum, Boston. E. Bowers and J. H. Budworth joined the Ordway’s in January, 1858. J. B. Donniker opened in February, Budworth and Bowers left in May, and in June the company went traveling. They re-opened in Boston August 30, 1858, with G. W. White, E. Kelly, Johnny Pierce, Tim Norton, Albert Jones, W. Norton, Ed Taylor, D. P. Kincaide, John Norton, and Master Edward. Mr. Ordway, while managing this party, had a music store in partnership with his brother at 339 Washington Street. He retired from the profession in September, 1859, to devote his time and attention to the study and practice of medicine and surgery in Boston. The Mr. Gilmore mentioned is P. S. Gilmore, who originated the “Peace Jubilee” in Boston. Edward Colburn retired and engaged in business in Boston as a locksmith. John P. Ordway died April 27, 1880.

ORGAN MINSTRELS, THE: opened at Thomeuf’s Opera House, Philadelphia, in March, 1858.

ORIGINAL AND ONLY NEW ORLEANS OPERA TROUPE: was a party so called that opened at the School Street Opera House, Boston, Mass., November 21, 1859, with S. A. Jordan, L. B. Patterson, Harry Blanchard, C. G. Mortimer, M. Leon, L. Buckminster, George Thomas Cram, and A. S. Williams. Harry C. Sprague was business manager.

ORIGINAL BOSTON SERENADERS: were organized in Boston, Mass., in 1843. They came to New York and performed with success at the Chatham Theatre. The party consisted of George Harrington, banjo; Gilbert Ward Pell, bones; Moody Stanwood, accordion; Frank Germon, tambourine; Tony Winnemore and Quinn. Gil Pell never played under the name of Pelham except when he was a pupil of his brother, Richard, and then he went under the name of Master Pelham. Early in 1844 this party gave a special performance at the White House, Washington, to the President (Tyler) of the United States, his family and friends. The following is a copy of the program:

FOR THE ESPECIAL AMUSEMENT
of
THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, HIS FAMILY AND FRIENDS,
will be sung the following songs, by the original
AMERICAN ETHIOPIAN SERENADERS:

Mr. F. Germon, Tambourine
Mr. F. Stanwood, Accordion
Mr. Warren, First Banjo
Mr. Harrington, Second Banjo
Mr. Pelham, Bones

PART I: “Dan Tucker,” “Come, Darkies, Sing,” “Old Colored Gem’men,” “Bress That Lovely Yaller Gal,” “Ginney Maid,” Solo on accordion, “Good-Bye, Dine.”
PART II: Quick step, “Lucy Long,” “Virginia State,” “Old Jaw Bone,” “Dis Nigger’s Journey to York.”
PART III: Railroad Overture, “It Will Nebber Do To Gib It Up So,” Lecture on Phrenology, Duet—Accordion and Bones, “Wild Goose Nation.”

They were men of strong individuality and force of character and of immense ability in their roles. The members of the original troupe were men of education and refinement and their performances were most fascinating and instructive. Harrington was the basso and had a remarkable organ of great power and sweetness. Stanwood played the accordion and every evening performed a solo on this little-known instrument that brought down the house with an encore. There was no violin and these five constituted the entire troupe. They played dandy niggers exclusively, did not change their dress during the whole performance, and there was no dancing. Stanwood wore spectacles and played the accordion with much skill. They took a traveling tour as far south as New Orleans, returning to New York in the spring of 1845, and shortly after sailed for Europe with Dumbolton. They opened in 1846 at the St. James Theatre, London, and so great was the rush to see them that they had to give morning concerts. W. White was also in the party, and Dumbolton was agent. By the above program it will be seen that it consisted mostly of songs, duets and glees; none of the present olio style of Ethiopian performances being introduced, but little progress in that direction having been made up to that time. They were patronized by the Queen, Prince Albert, and the nobility, having played before the Queen and royal family, the Duke of Wellington, and others of the nobility at Arundel Castle by command of the Queen. It was here the conundrum was given out so often spoken of. Bones says to Tambo:

“Why am I like the Duke of Wellington?”
“You look more like a stove-pipe!.”
“I’ll tell you why I am like the Duke of Wellington. ‘Cos I beat the bony part.”

This was received with great laughter and applause, the duke being fairly convulsed with laughter. The Iron Duke being a little deaf, considerable loud talking had to be indulged in. They soon after returned to America to reorganize and took a brief traveling tour. They appeared at the Chestnut Street Theatre, Philadelphia, in July, 1847, and opened in New York, August 14 at the old Minerva Rooms, Broadway. Eph Horn played the bones; J. R. (Ole Bull) Myers, violin; A. F. (Tony) Winnemore, banjo; Kelly, Chinese chimes; F. Solomon, accordion; and James Sandford, tambo. When this party went to England the second time they were then known as DUMBOLTON’S SERENADERS.

ORIGINAL CAMPBELL MINSTRELS: were organized in June, 1847, by John Campbell and consisted of W. B. Donaldson, Jerry Bryant, John Rae, James Carter, H. Mestayer and David Raymond. They played at the American Museum, New York. Jerry played bones and did the act “Lucy Long.” Soon after they organized Rae withdrew and joined Christy’s and Luke West joined and took Donaldson’s place.

ORIGINAL CAMPBELLS: was a so-called party organized in August, 1860. Ross, Leslie, Rainer, Lascelles, Eph Horn, Daley, and others were in the party.

ORIGINAL CAMPBELLS: was a party so-called that opened in Washington, D. C., in August, 1861. Charles Dupont, Lou Gaylord and Tom Frazier were in the company.

ORIGINAL CHRISTY MINSTRELS: were organized by A. P. Christy in Buffalo, N.Y., in 1843, and gave their first public show in that city in Water Street. In the company were A. P. Christy, George N. Christy, Lansing Durand, and T. Vaughn. They were then called the VIRGINIA MINSTRELS. They traveled principally in the Western and Southern country. Soon after their organization they called themselves CHRISTY’S MINSTRELS. Enam Dickerson and Zeke Backus joined them. They first appeared in New York April 27, 1846, at Palmo’s Opera House, afterwards Burton’s Chamber Street Theatre. On their second engagement in New York they appeared at the Alhambra, in Broadway near Prince Street, and from thence went to the Society Library, afterwards Appleton’s Building, and thence to Mechanics’ Hall, 472 Broadway, afterwards occupied by the Bryants. They located here March 22, 1847, and gave concerts every night up to July 13, 1854. Their entertainments there became the rage. The hall was nightly filled to overflowing with the most fashionable audiences and an early attendance was necessary to secure seats. E. P. Christy was the ballad singer. He was not a great vocalist, yet a pleasing one. His ballads became very popular and were hummed and whistled in the streets. As soon as one became familiar to the public, Mr. Christy was ever ready with a fresh one. Many of the ballads sung by him were written by Stephen C. Foster, one of the most popular of American song writers. George Christy, who became an immense favorite with the public, played the bones; Earl H. Pierce, tambourine; and E. P. Christy, balladist. When this party commenced at Mechanics’ Hall, the company consisted of E. P. Christy, George N. Christy (bones), R. Hooley (violin), T. Vaughn, Earl Pierce (tambourine and banjo), and Sam A. Wells. In the latter part of October, 1853, a dispute occurred between George Christy and E. P. Christy and George left. He then became a partner with Henry Wood, with whose minstrels he commenced October 31, at what was then known as 444 Broadway. During the last two years and eight months that George was with Mr. Christy, he received the sum of $19,680 as his salary. He left the company and he and his benefactor became partially estranged and from that time George never prospered. Although not related to E. P. Christy, his real name being Harrington, that gentleman entertained a strong affection for him and treated him as if he were his own son. During the season George retired from the company, the title of the hall used by the Christy’s was changed to Christy’s American Opera House.

ORIGINAL MATT PEEL’S MINSTRELS: was a party so announced, under the management of Frank Converse, who appeared in Albany, N. Y., January 2, 1860. They traveled West and were soon after called the GEMS OF CAMPBELLS. They shortly after were called FRANK CONVERSE’S CAMPBELLS. They returned to New York in March, 1860, and started on the 17th for a tour west.

ORIGINAL METROPOLITAN BURLESQUE OPERA TROUPE: formed in 1852, with Frank West, bones; Joe Ford, tambo; Harry Blanchard, banjo and middle man; Billy Moore, violin and tenor; J. E. Farrenberg, alto; and A. S. Harris, bass.

ORIGINAL VIRGINIA SERENADERS: composed of Cool White, James Sandford, J. R. Myers and Robert Edwards, was organized in 1843. They played at the Chatham Theatre, New York; then made a tour of the country. A split took place in the party, some joining the Ethiopian Serenaders and Cool White organized a party called The Three Dark Unapproachables.

ORMSBY & STONOKER’S MINSTRELS: consisting of Dan Howard, H. M. Williams, C. King, Joe Miller and Jenny Williams, were traveling through Pennsylvania, in July, 1865.

OTTO COTTAGE MINSTRELS: was a band of minstrels that performed in the summer of 1844 at the Otto Cottage, Hoboken, N. J. This party was organized by Louis Schwartz in opposition to McCarty, who had a band performing at E!ysian Fields, Hoboken. The Otto Cottage party had Sam Johnson and Master Ben Mallory as the principal attractions. Sam Johnson played the triangle.

PAGE & CREE’S MINSTRELS: were a party of performers traveling in Vermont in December, 1862. They existed only a month. Cree enlisted in the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment.

PAGE BROS.’ MINSTRELS: organized in Plainfield, Vt. James Batcheller, N. Lumbard, M. S. Page, J. O. Page, Julian Lease, A. Lane, and Master Lon Page were in the party. They started in January, 1863.

PAGE’S MINSTRELS: organized and traveled in New Jersey in April, 1860.

PALMETTOS, THE: was a band organized in Savannah, Ga., in January, 1861, with J. Murphy, bones; B. L. Jackson, W. Darrall, W. Hill, F. Leslie, Johnny Lewis, and old Alex Kreuse, tambo.

PARROW’S MINSTRELS: were organized in Richmond, Va., in 1851 with old Bill Parrow, tambo; John P. Smith, bones; John Lacey, Tim Hays, John P. Smith, and Parrow, the quartette. They opened in Lynchburg, where they played a week and then disbanded. William Parrow was stabbed at Lebanon, Tenn., November 21, 1870, by an Indian, a student at the Cumberland University in that town, and Parrow died the day following. See HAYWORTH AND HORTON’S MINSTRELS and HERNANDEZ & SMITH’S MINSTRELS.

PAUL & SLOCUM’S PARTY: made a traveling tour through the East in April, 1859, with Frank Rivers, Maldin, Wright, A. K. Miller, Billy Sortet, and Master Thomas.

PEEL’S (MATT) MINSTRELS: was organized in May, 1857, and made a brief tour in the West. The party soon after took the name of Peel & Huntley. Master Arnold, Young “Ole Bull,” Charles Palmer, H. Arnold, and J. Lyon were added. Farrenberg left for Europe in June. The company returned to New York for a while but closed in July and went on the road. On the llth of October they reorganized in New York for a tour through the East and opened in New Haven, Conn., with Adams, ballads; T. J. Peel, jig; Mert Sexton and others. In a few days A. M. Hernandez, who had left Sniffin’s Minstrels, joined; but left equally as abruptly and returned to Sniffin. In a few weeks R. Abecco, Max Irwin, Paul Berger, E. C. Huntley, W. Low and R. Perry were added. In December they visited the Eastern towns with Matt Peel, G. W. Moore, Mert Sexton, T. J. Peel, G. G. Minor, A. M. Hernandez, J. B. Donniker, F. B. Converse, L. Condis, J. Brown, J. Farrenberg, J. Adams, R. Abecco, E. H. Winchell, and E. Page. In February, 1858, they made a tour of the South and were called MATT PEEL’S CAMPBELLS. When Matt Peel died, Mert Sexton took his place and the party closed up May 9 and returned to New York.

PEEL’S (MRS. MATT) CAMPBELLS: organized in New York in September, 1859, and made a traveling tour through the East, opening in New London, Conn., September 27. J. T. Huntley was the manager. The party then went South and, in November, J. Pearce, E. N. Slocum, Add Weaver, Little Barney, August Sontz, and Frank Converse were in the party. On January 23, 1860, the party consisted of L. Reese, J. Neil, Dave Reed, J. M. Byer and E. Coles. They opened at the Chatham (late National) Theatre, New York, having taken a brief rest in New York previous to opening. Charley Whit appeared there with the company. Business was not good and they closed late in January. In February the company left for a tour through the South. In May, S. Price and Frank Peel occupied the ends. In June, Charles Melville was the tenor. In July, 1861, a re-organization was made, excepting Price and Walsh, and they opened in Chicago, May 17. Ben Cotten joined them in August and the party then consisted of J. T. Huntley, George Winship, J. W. Andrews, A. J. Talbot, J. V. Chadduck, Joe Gibbs, Frank Beeler, Walsh, Price, and Brekport. George Massett and J. L. Stout left them in July in Chicago. The party located in Chicago in October for the winter and G. Bishop, G. Bideaux, James Wambold, J. Winship, Theodore Duvergne, Walter Saunders, Theodore Merkes, Fred Graham, Eugene Albertine, Matt Thompson, Barry Coyne, Frank Massett, and August Watson comprised the company. In February, 1862, several changes were made in the company. Add Weaver, Master Barney and others joined.

PELHAM’S (GIL W.) MINSTRELS: consisted of Barney Williams, Little Bobby Williams, “Jawbone” Daniels, Robert Hoffman, and Dick Sliter. They commenced a traveling tour in 1846.

PELHAM’S (PHIL) MINSTRELS: organized in Portsmouth, N. H., where they opened on March 12, 1863. Phil Pelham, tambo; E. L. Dunbar, bones; J. H. Long, banjo; L. M. Devereaux, Ned Kelton, Frank Morse, A. M. King, R. P. Danforth, M. J. Blake and E. H. Bond constituted the organization.

PELHAM’S TROUPE: opened in Boston at the Melodeon, July 21, 1856.

PENNINGTON’S SERENADERS: occupied Concert Hall, Albany, N. Y., in January, 1861, with T. Hutchinson, D. M. Holt, J. P. English, T. Pennington, C. Lewis, and J. Campbell.

PERHAM’S OPERA TROUPE: was organized by Perham (not Josiah) early in 1858 and traveled East.

PERHAMS TROUPE: organized by Josiah Perham (of lottery renown) in 1850, this party visited the principal Eastern towns. John Mulligan was with them one year.

PETTENGILL, BONTER & MUDGE: organized a band and started on a tour August 27, 1868, with Charles Pettengill, Charles Dobson, David Hawley, P. Bremmer, C. H. Platt, G. C. Bonter, J. W. Hilton, Thomas Deverill, Frank Schmidt, J. H. Hilliard, H. T. Mudge, Frank Campbell, J. Vogel, F. B. Naylor, Harry Wilson, E. W. Webber, and James Deverill. Charles Melville was agent for the first week, after which C. B. Griste took the position.

PETTENGILL’S (CHARLEY) MINSTRELS: was a party organized in New York in September, 1866, and consisted of Pettengill, Glendy Burke, Paul Underner, Frank Weston, Carl Hemmell, Joe Mac, Ed Merley, Young America, H. J. Hentz, H. Blanchard, H. Byron Newcomb, J. Moncrief Ford, H. Freyberthuyser, J. H. Rice, Frank Ellenger, W. C. Mortimer, and Sig. Francisco. Pettengill’s company opened April 6, 1868, at Brooklyn, N. Y., with A. J. Talbot, Charles Pettingill, M. Ainsley Scott, Harry Robinson, E. A. Marston, Rockefeller, Carl Ebbcock, Frank Campbell, Walter Neville, Justin Robinson, J. J. Hilliard, S. S. Simmons, Joseph Wadsworth, James Watters, Julius Thiele, James Grantz, Edward Morton, Billy Reed, Charles Forrest (wench); George Warren, Jacob Bayer, Hinchcliff, and Master Charlie. In two weeks they took to the road, but closed at New Haven, Conn., in June, 1868, for the purpose of re-organizing. They opened in Albany, N. Y., in July with Hank Mudge, Charles Vivian, Frank Campbell, Harry Robinson, Vogel, C. Pettengill and others. C. B. Griste was agent. They closed in Saratoga in about one month.

PHILADELPHIA SABLE HARMONISTS: were organized in Philadelphia, in 1847. William Horn, brother of Eph Horn, was the agent. The company consisted of Charley Jenkins, aeolian banjoist and musical director; Mr. Adams, Congo, tambourine; Johnson, violinist; La Conta, bones; and Rudolph, guitar-banjoist. Looking over their program, we note the following announced: “Mary Blane,” “Stratling Our Long-tail Blue,” “Dearest May,” “Stop Dat Knocking,” “Come Back, Darkies, to You I Call,” “Come, Sit Thee Down, My Pretty Yaller Gal,” “Floating Scow of Old Virginny,’’ “Walk in de Parlor,” “Picayune Butler,” and banjo solo of “Cuddy Inko Dinko Bim.” For voices and harmony this company was excellent. They appeared at the Chestnut Street Theatre and afterwards at the National Theatre (Circus), that city. They were afterwards called LONG & DINMORE’S SABLE HARMONISTS.

PICKERING’S MINSTRELS: were organized in New York and sailed December 23, 1865, for the West Indies, arriving at Barbados, where they performed several nights. They opened in Demerara, South America, February 12, 1866, and went thence to Brazil and back through the West Indies. Joseph F. Pickering was manager. He had in the company Harry Mestayer, Joe Childs, W. Sinclair, J. Miller, W. Clarke, H. L. Parker, Mrs. Marie Mazzocchi, Prof. Gardner, J. Carroll, and Miss McFarlane.

PIERCE & HUNTER’S MINSTRELS: made a tour of the country in the summer of 1854. William Pierce, J. H. Hunter, G. H. Burr, Sheldon, and G. Buckley were in the company.

PIERCE’S “ORIGINAL” CAMPBELLS & FRANK PHELPS’ GREAT TROUPE: was organized in December, 1860, and traveled through New York State with the following people: Frank Phelps, Johnny Pierce, Frank Pell, D. W. Collins, A. J. Tabor, W. H. Howard, E. Lamb, Prof. Gaynor, and W. H. Davis.

PIERCE’S (EARL H.) MINSTRELS: were organized in opposition to E. P. Christy’s party. They opened at the old Olympic Theatre, 442 Broadway, New York, April 8, 1850. J. B. Fellows was musical director. Eph Horn and Jerry Bryant were in the party. Shortly after, Pierce associated himself in management with Fellows and opened at the Society Library Room on Broadway and the party was called PIERCE & FELLOWS’ MINSTRELS.

PIERCE & FELLOWS’ MINSTRELS: They afterwards appeared at Mitchell’s Olympic for seventeen nights. Eph Horn was one of the end men. Owing to a quarrel between Dick Myers, Jim Sanford and the manager, there was a change in the company.

PIERCE’S (EARL HORTON) MINSTRELS: opened at Academy Hall, 663 Broadway, opposite Bond Street, on December 10, 1855, with E. H. Pierce, J. W. Raynor, N. W. Gould, Louis Main, J. B. Donniker, L. Condit, B. Mallory, T. Christian, J. Murphy, E. Huntington, and W. P. Collins. They remained there but a few nights. On July 11, 1857, Earl H. Pierce and J. W. Raynor sailed with the company for England on the North Star. Nish, Raynor, Pierce, Wambold, Burton, Christian, Collins, Brown, and Donnelly were in the party. They gave a private rehearsal at the St. James Theatre, London, on July 28 and their first public performance took place August 3 there. They were then called CHRISTY’S MINSTRELS. After meeting with great success, they appeared at the Surrey Theatre and in January, 1858, opened at Polygraphic Hall, in King William Street, London. They afterwards made a tour of the provinces. George W. Moore, who sailed from New York, June 11, 1859, opened with his company, taking Pierce’s position, who had died. J. W. Rayner took the company for a long tour through Great Britain and Ireland. On July 11, 1869, Mr. Rayner retired from the business with a fortune (so stated at the time) and returned to America, arriving in New York August 15. Before he left the party he secured the services of G. J. Wilson. During the season of 1860-61 the party consisted of W. J. Collins, A. and G. Nish, managers; Harris, basso; C. Murray, baritone; W. Meeker, J. Spiller, Mert Sexton, J. Howard, Tom Christian and G. W. Moore. Joe Brown left and W. H. Howard was substituted. The party opened in London, at Her Majesty’s Concert Rooms,

PIONEER MINSTRELS: consisted of Harry Conley, Lee, Walter Allen, Harvey La Pert, Billy McClellan, and Billy Hart. They started from Dallas, Tex., April 17, 1874, under the management of Lew Ginger. They were of short duration. They reorganized under the management of Fudge & Whaley and traveled through Texas by wagons.

POSTLETHWAITE’S MINSTRELS: See BELER, POSTLETHWAITE & CO.’S CAMPBELLS.

PRENDERGAST’S MINSTRELS: gave their first show at the Olympic Theatre, New York, October 26, 1857, and in the party were Tim Norton, T. B. Prendergast, J. H. Budworth, Charley White, J. Carroll, H. Stephens, W. W. Snow, R. Montgomery, H. Wilson, J. Waddee, L. Donnelly, J. Barker, H. Troutman, H. Carlton, and M. Gallagher. Business proving bad, they closed November 14, 1857, and, re-organizing, went out again as WHITE’S SERENADERS. Returning East after a brief tour, they started out again through the East as the NEW YORK SERENADERS, several changes being made.

PRICE’S (SAM) MINSTRELS: formerly HAPPY CAL WAGNER’S MINSTRELS, closed June 12, 1875. Cal Wagner reorganized and started on his annual tour August 30, 1875, with F. N. Merritt, George C. Roberts, John Clark, Thomas O’Brien, Greenville, F. K. Ainsworth, F. G. Fisher, W. K. Lavalle, Cal Wagner and others in the party. They reorganized August 14, 1876. Sam Price, J. K. Campbell, Emerson, Clark, Hoey, Fields, Leon H. Wiley, Joe Garatagua, Fred W. Otis and others.

PRICE’S (SAM) MINSTRELS: See WAGNER’S MINSTRELS.

PURDY & WHITE’S MINSTRELS: gave their first show on May 19, 1873, at the Thirty- fourth Street Theatre, New York. S. S. Purdy, tambo; J. Niles, bones; Cool White, interlocutor; Abecco, J. Manning, H. Wells, Evans, J. W. Clark, H. T. Mudge, and B. Carroll.

PURDY, SCOTT & FOSTELLE: formed a band consisting of S. S. Purdy, M. Ainsley Scott, Fostelle, Frank Jones, A. Stanwood, T. Baker, L. Zimmerman, S. Schubert, P. Boam, S. Jackson, R. Williams, and W. Sidell. They started from San Francisco in February, 1872, for a Winter campaign.

PUTNAM, WRIGHT & MASTERS: organized a company December 17, 1859, and traveled through the East with Joe Emerson, Carl Lambler, T. R. Wright, J. M. Sullivan, Johnny Masters, and J. S. Farrenberg.

RATTLERS (LEW) MINSTRELS: consisting of Rattler, Sheppard, Tommy Peel and Taylor were traveling through Idaho Territory in May, 1865. In November the company left San Francisco for a tour. Rattler, Joe Taylor, C. E. Collins, Clinton, Johnny O’Neill, Hamilton, and Williams.

RAYMOND & WARING’S: the circus managers, organized a band to travel with their circus in 1847. Tony Pastor, Bob Hall, Turner, and G. W. Hoyt made up the party.

RAYMOND’S MINSTRELS: organized in New York and started for Stamford, Conn., where they rehearsed eleven days. They opened in that city in 1846, under the management of Raymond (whose right name was Dr. Burr). In the party were Billy Birch, Hi Rumsey, Goodsell, Raymond, and others. They existed only four weeks.

RAYNOR (LESLIE) & SMITH: having secured a lease of Congress Hall on Bush Street, San Francisco, in October, 1867, and having altered it and made a temple of minstrelsy, opened October 25, with Harry Leslie, Harry Raynor, Henry Herbert, Nordblom, Kemp, Storms, Loomis, Harry Williams, G. F. Smith, H. Thomas, Frank Medina, J. Mundweller, and George T. Evans in the party. The house was called the “Temple of Music.” Frank Hussey joined February 24, 1868, and Fred Sprung opened March 2. Leslie and Raynor shortly after disposed of their interest to William H. Smith & Co.

RAYNOR-CHRISTY MINSTRELS: started on a traveling tour in June, 1864, with John P. Smith as agent and with J. W. Raynor, George Christy, A. Buckam, H. Talbott, George Germain, Dick McGowan, William Fields, J. Cooper and J. Bailey. They opened at the Bowery Theatre, New York, July 10, 1865, and closed there August 11. George Christy left them August 5 and his place was filled by Master Bobby (Bobby Newcomb). After being idle for a week, a reorganization took place and they re-opened August 21, 1865, at Trenton, N. J. Master Bobby, Japanese Tommy, and John Rushton were in the party.

REED & BARROW’S MINSTRELS: opened in Cincinnati, Ohio, April 28, 1866, and the party consisted of: Ned Reed, C. H. Barrows, Tom Murphy, Tom Wilson, George Scott, George King, J. Thompson, George Wallace, Domingo Donego, Otto Hubert, W. B. Adams, and Billy Stewart.

REESE’S MINSTRELS: started from New York in February, 1867, for a trip up the Hudson River, with the intention of performing in Yonkers on Monday and Saturday evenings of each week with Billy Coles, Frank Dumont, George Durand, W. H. Elstob, J. Madigan, A. S. Clark, M. J. Kavanagh, Billy Morris, Master Buck, and Jerry Dashington, manager.

REMINGTON & KIRBY: took a party on the road, opening December 30, 1867, in Jackson, Mich. In the company were: Billy Remington, A. R. Kirby, Prof. Heller, H. Woodland, B. Kaltan, J. Decker, C. Gillott, J. Neillan, R. Gibbons, F. Wobell, J. Williams, and G. Decker.

REMINGTON & MILLER’S MINSTRELS: traveled through Illinois in November, 1865. A. S. Remington, Jerry Leary, F. Ransom, Early Miller, and Susie Star made up the company.

REMINGTON’S MINSTRELS: when “Bones” Remington organized a party in New Bedford, Mass., in November, 1862, and opened in Hartford. The party consisted of “Bones” Remington, bones; L. Dunn, S. Hutchinson, J. W. Florence, M. B. Levi, Master George Ross, C. A. Hamilton, and J. B. Edwards.

REYNOLD’S MINSTRELS: were traveling through New England in 1855. J. Edwin Green was one of the managers. While in Newfoundland, under the management of W. Warren, of Lowell, Mass., the same year, and being the first that had visited St. John, the citizens pronounced them a set of impostors, being only white men blacked up instead of the “real stuff.”

REYNOLDS, SHOREY & THOMAS’ NEW ORLEANS METROPOLITAN TROUPE: was a band organized in New Hampshire in April, 1861, by J. G. H. Shorey, Reynolds and Thomas. The party consisted of A. H. French, L. A. Boyd, N. Burton, James Clark, John Norton, J. F. Sullivan, L. H. Books, E. St. Johns, William Butler, O. Underwood, and Master Kent. They gave their first performance April 10 at Nashua, and disbanded June, 1861.

REYNOLDS, NEWCOMB & BURGESS’ MINSTRELS: consisting of Cool Burgess, Reynolds, Wally Thomas and others, started and opened September 24, 1862, in Canada. In November, Sam Sharpley bought out this show, and, re-organizing, called his party SHARPLEY’S MINSTRELS.

REYNOLDS’ OPERA TROUPE: was organized November 25, 1858, for a tour through the East with E. S. Gray and Wally Thomas in the party. In November, 1859, they were still traveling in the East, but shortly after closed.

RICE’S (WILLIAM HENRY) MINSTRELS: consisting of Billy Manning, Walter Bray, Fayette Welch, W. H. Rice, Charles Fostelle, Gustave Bideaux, R. T. Tyrrell, W. W. Newcomb, Sam Gardner, George Hill and the orchestra, formerly with Newcomb’s company just closed. They opened September 2, 1872, at Melodeon Hall, Cincinnati, Ohio. Walter Bray, W. W. Newcomb, E. M. Hall and Cool White joined the party. They inaugurated Music Hall, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 14, 1872, with Charles Bartine, Joe Mairs, Horace Rushly, James Semple and W. Pope in the company. They collapsed October 28, 1872, but reorganized for a traveling tour, opening November 7, at Cynthiana, Ky.

RICE’S MINSTRELS: was a new troupe that opened at the New Chicago Theatre in April, 1877, under the management of George Miller. In the Company were Pat Rooney, Fayette Welch, Baker and Doyle.

RICHARDSON, GRAY & LYONS’ METROPOLITANS: were organized in Rochester, N. Y., and took to the road December 15, 1875; opening in Bath with Sage Richardson, Joe Lyons, Sam Unsworth, Lynch, Churchill, W. F. Gray, S. Grant Green, Alfred Clark and Thomas McDorrand.

RIVERS, WHITE & LEWIS’ MINSTRELS: were organized in Boston, Mass., in August, 1860, and performed there in Gothic Hall.

ROBERTS & WILSON’S PARTY: started in July, 1864, for a tour with Billy Emerson, George Warren, M. B. Leavitt, Johnny Leavitt, James A. Barney, J. H. Barton, Charles M. Cawley, Frank Wilson, J. H. Reiley, Joseph Davenport, J. Roberts, F. A. Burgess, R. Howard, R. A. Farren, and J. W. Gilmore.

ROBINSONS (HARRY) MINSTRELS: as “The Men with the Silver Horns,” were organized in August, 1872, and consisted of Billy McAllister, Dick Gorman, Frank Carlton, Milt Barlow, John Henshaw, D. Clark, H. Clark, Seymour, David Schiff, W. Sheridan, John Crawford, J. C. Wallace, H. P. Linder, James Dalton, Alonzo De Forrest, John H. Polley, G. W. Morgan, Charles Dearborn, and John Ricaby, advance agent. They rehearsed and started from Troy, N. Y. J. H. Polley and Harry Robinson were proprietors. In eight weeks Polley sold out his interest to Robinson and withdrew from the company. In February, 1872, six end men and a lady doorkeeper were announced. They closed the season May 31, 1873, at Niagara Falls. They commenced the next season with the following people: Bernardo, Quilter, Goldrich, John McVeigh, James A. Gulick, Oscar Blakeley, W. H. Workman, Henry Bray, Charles Webster, George Morgan, D. Clark, Henry Grant, C. A. Simpson, Thomas Latimer, B. Templeton, A. Withers, and T. Watts. On September 27, 1873, Billy Gray joined the party. They reorganized and started from Syracuse, N. Y., January 15, 1874, but closed the season at Bloomsburg, Pa., February 18, 1874, the business having been bad. They reorganized and started August 24, 1874, with James Roche, Harry Armstrong, Kline Bros., C. M. Basset, Frank S. Morton, C. Simpson, Frank Welch, Charles Gisling, Justin Robinson, Delos Clark, Thomas and Heeney. They closed the season at Sydney, Ohio, June 26, 1875, and started out on another tour in September, 1875, with Green, Sadler, Oscar Willis, Charles Armstrong, Billy McAllister, Mike Foley, George Robinson, Hi Henry, Delos Clark, John Stout, Hank Walters, J. W. Sells, T. Seymour and John Grick. W. S. Belknap severed his connection with the company early in 1877. George Robinson changed his name to Eustache in February, 1878. Harry Robinson opened with his company in Chicago, July 29, 1878, and was joined by Arlington, Cotton and Kemble. Robinson left his company in Omaha in October, 1878. Several members of the company also withdrew to join other bands. The company as then organized consisted of Welby, Pearl, Irving H. Bush, Harry Shirley, George Franklin, W. S. Belknapt J. G. Ruben, George Hastings, Charles Riggs, John Oberist, Horace Rushby, George Sala, and O. F. Seymour.

RODEMYRE & TUCKER’S CAMPBELLS: was the title of a band that organized in Alton, Ill., in February, 1860.

ROSS, SPRUNG, SMITH & CHADDUCK’S MINSTRELS: who had been confining themselves to the West, closed their season in June, 1863, in St. Louis, Mo., and in July started for a tour to perform under canvas. Alex Ross, Fred Sprung, Shaddock, J. W. Smith, W. F. Bush, E. D. Strong, Charlie and Ned Straight, and Alice Gibson. In December, 1863, as BOSTLEWAITE & SHADDOCK’S MINSTRELS, they occupied Wyman’s Hall, St. Louis. They burst up in a few weeks.

RUMSEY & NEWCOMB’S CAMPBELLS: consisted of W. W. Newcomb, Harry Lehr, Charles M. Currier, John Ritter, Charles Sprouse, Alfred Herman, Richard Carroll, Frank Beler, Little Bobby, A. Neitsall, C. W. Gaul, E. C. Hunley, L. Minirie, Frank Leslie, Little Arthur, Billy Hedden, J. Morrison Jr., and W. McAndrews. One of their features was a brass band. H. S. Rumsey was the first man to appear before a Cuban audience in a banjo solo. In April, 1861, they reorganized in New York and opened in Connecticut April 8 with Rumsey, Newcomb, Leslie, B. Braham, Bobby, M. Lewis, W. T. Emerson, Richard Willis, J. Burgess, William Blakeney, Charles Rumsey, S. Manning, Rudolph Hall, W. Reeves and C. Osborn. They sailed from Halifax June 13 for England and opened at Clayton Hall, Liverpool, July 1, 1861. Brookhouse Bowler, tenor, went with them. Unsworth joined them there August 5; also Master Eugene. After giving one hundred and twenty-four consecutive performances in Liverpool, they started on a provincial tour. They opened in London February 17, 1862, at Astley’s. They then went into Saxony and Prussia. In Germany they had trouble. The Germans expected to see real Negroes and would not tolerate the imitation article. Returning to London, they appeared at the Oxford Music Hall April 21, and afterwards the Canterbury Music Hall, where they disbanded in June, 1862. Little Bobby (afterwards known as Bobby Newcomb) was in the party. After playing for a while at the Oxford, Rumsey returned to America and started Rumsey’s Minstrels on his own hook.

RUMSEY & NEWCOMB’S MINSTRELS: consisted of W. W. Newcomb, J. Farrenberg, S. Gardner, J. W. Adams, Matt Peel, H. S. Rumsey, Tommy Peel, C. Keene, Dickinson, Currier and Donniker; Dr. Jones, agent; and Richard Ennis, secretary. During the season of 1857, they traveled South. In 1858 the name of “Campbell” was abandoned. They reorganized and made a tour of the South, and in 1860 went to Havana. Hernandez, Bideaux, Master Bobby, Harry Lehr, Owens, Stanley, French, B. Yates and others were in the troupe. At Havana they cleared $30,000 in forty performances. They arrived in New York from Havana, January 12, 1861, and disbanded. Master Eddy’s (who had been with the troupe) right name was Edward Hughes. It was while traveling in the West, in February, 1858, that they were called RUMSEY & NEWCOMB’S CAMPBELLS.

RUMSEY’S MINSTRELS: consisting of Brockway, Butler, W. Herman, Wrightman, Gaynor, Carter, Thomas Deverill, Ned West, Stratton, Perry, Butler, Master Henry, William Price and Harry Hapgood, agent. In March, 1864, the party consisted of Johnny Pierce, Fred Sprung, W. Manning, W. S. Mullaly, D. W. Collins, F. Rheinholt, John Woolsey, J. H. Stout, C. E. Rumsey, Ned West, F. Schwitzer, H. Perkins, J. H. Clifford, J. H. Carleton, S. Lemain, and D. Tongue.

RUMSEY & NEWCOMB’S MINSTRELS: See CAMPBELL’S MINSTRELS.

RUMSEY’S MINSTRELS: See FOSTER’S MINSTRELS.

SABINE MINSTRELS: were a party organized in 1858 and made up of the crew of the U. S Frigate, Sabine. In June, 1860, they gave a performance at City Hotel, Aspinwall, New Granada. In July, they made a trip through the country with William Wallace, tambo; John Jeffers, bones; Charles Clifton, T. H. Goodwin, William Candelin, Ed Olmsdale, Aug Wagner, J. W. Martin, Ed Knause, A. S. Kennedy, J. W. Turner, and William Whitford.

SABLE BROTHERS, THE: This party consisted of Turpin, Cleaveland, and a few others. They appeared in New York at Convention Hall, Wooster Street, and thence went to Burnum’s Museum.

SABLE HARMONISTS: consisting of J. W. Smith, J. B. Murphy, Martin Freeberthyser, E. D. Gooding, J. H. Stout, John and Henry Freeberthyser, John Cole, Charles Sandford, George Northrop, La Belle Louise, and Mlle. Thudom, were traveling through Arkansas in February, 1863.

SABLE HARMONISTS: were organized early in 1846 and consisted of Plumer, Archer, J. Farrell, W. Roark, Nelson Kneass, J. Murphy, T. F. Briggs, R. M. Hooley, and Tichenor. In November, 1847, they played in New York at the Minerva Rooms. They went to England in 1847 under the management of R. M. Hooley and visited London, Paris, Boulogne, Brussels, and the smaller cities of the British Isles. In London they occupied the Hanover Square Rooms, so celebrated as the locale of H. M. Ancient Concerts.

SABLE HARMONISTS: was a party organized in November, 1858, and consisted of T. L. Newcomb, W. S. Stevens, P. Dalton, J. E. Stevens, R. Stewart, W. Seymour, and W. E. Mellish. They made a tour of the British provinces.

SABLE HARMONISTS: started on a tour in April, 1859, with O. L. Elliott, A. J. Bailey, C. Folsom, and Mary Dancy.

SABLE MELODISTS: were organized by Cool White in 1845 at Lynchburg, Va., and they traveled South and West. Cool White, William Perron, Mead Harris, Franklin, Alexander, and Dick Swims were in the company. They lasted only two months, as they closed in Gallipolis, Ohio.

SABLE SISTERS AND ETHIOPIAN MINSTRELS: commenced in November, 1844, with Barney Williams, Charley White, J. Hallett, R. White, Charley Howard, and three females known as Annette, Angeline and Pauline. They went on a traveling tour, appearing at Washington Hall, Newark, N. J.; then returned to New York and appeared at the Northern Hall in Bleecker Street; thence to Apollo Hall on Broadway. They were very popular then. In January, 1845, they appeared at Franklin Hall (Franklin Theatre), Chatham Square; after which they went on a traveling tour through the East under the management of William Magee. The popularity of the company became very great; and, hurrying on to Boston, they prepared themselves for a hearty reception. Before their arrival, however, William B. English announced Lucille and Helen Western as the original Sable Minstrels. The result was the minstrel party disbanded and returned to New York.

SALVO MINSTRELS: was an amateur party organized in Philadelphia, August, 1859, with Charles Salvo, bones; James Salvo, tambo; John Petit, guitar; William F. Brown, banjo; T. Rhoads, violin; Ben Van Lew, violin; J. Greenwood Watson, Master Stuart, and Ben F. Lewis. James K. Early was manager.

SANDERSON’S MINSTRELS: were organized in Baltimore, Md., where they opened in July, 1864, with George Gray, Lew Brimmer, Frank Campbell, George Edwards, J. Norrie, M. Williams, Leon Berger, Spigel Blum, and J. Tannenbaum. On September 12, Low Gaylord joined. They collapsed at Cumberland, Md., December 24, after a long and severe season of bad management.

SANDS & HERBERT: with a company, opened in Paterson, N. J., September 10, 1866, consisting of Charles Pettengill, R. W. Smith, W. Emmett, J. R. Surridge, T. Waddee, C. Church, F. Voss, M. Solomon, Fred Herbert, T. Mortimer, Sig. Hess, N. Terry, W. Scott, Mons. Valarde, C. Wilson, J. Shaus, Dick Sands, and Tim Hayes. Pettengill withdrew the second week.

SANDS’ PARTY: Dick Sands, with a party consisting of William Ashcroft, Dick Melville, James Fish, Mike Foley, Harry Williamson, Master Christopher Fish, and P. W. Richards started in September, 1867, but closed up November 30, in consequence of the illness of Ashcroft.

SAN FRANCISCO MINSTRELS: appeared at Maquire’s New Opera House, San Francisco, in June, 1864. Birch, Wambold, Backus, and Abecco opened Eureka Hall, San Francisco, September 15, 1864, under the management of Maguire. This party was transferred to the Academy of Music, where they appeared January 21, 1865. Bernard was then in the party. In March, 1865, the quartette of managers sailed for New York, and the balance of the company returned to the Eureka on March 6. On March 30, Clara Day appeared, followed by Fred Sprung, J. E. Taylor (tambo), George Winship, and A. J. Talbot (bones). Birch, Wambold, Bernard and Backus, managers and proprietors, organized in New York and gave their first performance May 4, 1865, at Newark, N. J. They opened in New York on May 3 at 585 Broadway. he company consisted of Birch, Wambold Bernard, Backus, Cooper, Fields, W. S. Mullaly, Dick Sands, E. Haslam, Hays, Ira Paine, Shattuck, W. H. Rice, J. B. Donniker, M. Ainsley Scott, and Templeton. The season extended up to July 7, 1866, and was the most successful one (financially) ever known in New York, being an uninterrupted season of sixty-one weeks. The receipts for the first two months amounted to $14,970, a greater sum than ever before received by a minstrel band in that length of time. On July 9, 1866, they started on a traveling tour. They commenced their next season in New York September 3, 1866, with Donniker, M. Ainsley Scott, Briebkoff, A. Schmidt, Joe Bailey, C. Templeton, Cooper, Fields, and William Henry Rice. On November 19, M. Ainsley Scott suddenly withdrew from the company, leaving his name in the bills. He secretly got his clothes away from his dressing room and left the city without giving the least notice to his managers. W. P. Grier, basso, opened December 3, followed on June 3, 1867, by Master Barney, and June 10 by J. H. Williams, cornetist. The season closed June 29 and they opened in Washington, D. C., July 1. They re-opened August 12, 1867. Bobby Newcomb commenced October 14. The receipts of this company for the year 1867, commencing January 1 and ending December, were $92,279. This is probably a greater sum received in the same length of time than by any other minstrel band. They had never given a matinee up to this time. In March, 1868, there were ten performers in the first part: Billy Birch, bones; Backus, tambo; W. H. Bernard, interlocutor; Clarendon, clarinet; J. H. Williams, cornet; J. B. Donniker, first violin and musical director; W. H. Bernard, second violin; and Fowler, violincello; David Wambold, Grier, Templeton and Fowler, quartet; Bobby Newcomb, song and dance; Cooper and Fields, cloggists; and William Henry Rice, wench. The eight hundred and fifth performance of this party in their hall, 585 Broadway, took place March 9, 1868. They gave three hundred and sixty-five uninterrupted performances. Joe Brown opened June 15, 1868, and the season closed June 27. On June 29 they opened in Boston at Selwyn’s Theatre. They re-opened in New York on August 31, 1868. Harry Raynor, having returned to New York after an extended tour over Australia, Africa, etc., opened here October 5, 1868. Tim Hayes commenced November 2, followed, December 7, by Billy Emerson. On December 14, Daddy Rice’s Ethiopian Opera of “Bone Squash” was presented. Master Jerry, jig dancer, opened January 8, 1869. Ira Paine appeared April 12, 1869. The season closed June 12. They re-opened August 30, 1869, with John Mulligan, Frank Kent, Johnny Queen, W. Blakeney, W. Richards, E. J. Hartigan, J. Jack, G. Clarendon Corrister, M. Ainsley Scott, Billy West, Ira Paine, J. Oberist, Billy Emmett, Bobby Newcomb, Birch, Wambold, Bernard, and Backus. Backus, Wambold and Bernard had arrived from Europe, August 24. Leggett and Allen arrived from Europe September 21 and made their American debut September 23. Harry Norman took Wambold’s place February 21, 1870, and, Mr. Wambold went to the Hot Springs of Arkan sas, where he remained over two months. He re-appeared May 9 and the season closed May 14. Leggett and Allen were the originals in this country of the act known as the pedestal dancing. They commenced their next season August 29, 1870, which closed April 1, 1871, and they went traveling. They re-opened August 28, with Oberist, William Dwyer, Bobby Newcomb, Charles Gibbons, J. Cheevers, Ed Kennedy, Billy West, and Signor Salcedo added to the company. Pedro Sterling, impersonator of monkey characters, who returned from England in October, opened October 30, in a monkey sketch. They closed the season and their performances at 585 Broadway, April 27, 1872, and they made a short tour. They inaugurated the next season at the St. James Theatre, Twenty-eighth Street, near Broadway, New York, on August 26, 1872. William H. Bernard withdrew from the company and retired from the profession at the close of the previous season. Beaumont Read, balladist from London; C. Fredericks; Joe Norrie, interlocutor; Johnson and Powers, and Mullally were in the company. Ricardo opened November 11. Frank Converse appeared in January, 1873, and the season closed March 1 and they traveled. They opened at Hooley’s Opera House, Brooklyn, September 8, and closed there November 1 when they again traveled. They opened their new hall on the westerly side of Broadway, in the block between Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Streets, September 3, 1874, with Add Ryman, interlocutor; Birch, Wambold, Backus, Carl Rudolph, Eugene, Tremaine, A. H. Pelham, D. Barron, Ricardo, Mackin, Wilson, W. Mullally, Bent and others in the organization. They closed the season June 5, 1875, and re-opened August 30 with J. A. Barney, Mullally, Carl Rudolph, Ricardo, Ryman, Johnson, Powers, Billy Carter, C. Warde, A. Bent, Blakeney, and J. Ross. On January 17, 1876, they made a change in the arranging of the first part. Instead of the performers sitting in a row as was the custom, in the center of the stage was a large easy chair for the interlocutor and in front of it a small table upon which was seen an elegant silver vase, containing a bouquet of flowers. On either side of the interlocutor were a single chair, a sofa capable of seating three persons, and two chairs. The general appearance of the stage was that of a handsome parlor. This innovation was claimed as having been original with them, but this was disputed by E. N. Slocum, who claimed to have originated it two years previous, but who did not carry out the idea until the opening of the sixth season (1876) of Simmons & Slocum’s Minstrels in Philadelphia. But Sam Hague claims to have introduced it in England long before either party. The season closed June 3 and they traveled. They re-opened in New York August 28, 1876. Add Ryman, interlocutor; Carl Rudolph, Charles Stevens, W. H. Hamilton and H. W. Frillman were in the company. Charley Backus visited Philadelphia October 17 to be married to Lizzie Mason, and during his absence (16 and 17) E. M. Hall occupied the tambo end. The season closed April 21, 1877. They re-opened August 27 with Edwin French, Bob Hart, W. H. Hamilton, Frillman, Carl Rudolph, Ricardo, Johnson, Powers and Charles Gibbons and others. Thomas Wilmot, tenor, opened September 3. George Thatcher appeared December 10, also Bobby Newcomb. Thatcher closed March 25, 1878, and the season closed April 27 and they went traveling. Backus was unable to start with them, but joined them May 8. His place was occupied by E. French. They reopened in New York City September 2, 1878. Add Ryman, interlocutor; H. W. Frillman, basso; W. Raymond, tenor; J. G. Russell, baritone; Johnson, Powers, Ricardo, Thatcher, Birch, Wambold, and Backus were in the company. That the San Francisco Minstrels were one of the institutions of New York, and deservedly so, no one will dispute.

SAN FRANCISCO MINSTRELS: in 1854 Jerry Bryant, Eph Horn and Sher Campbell organized this band made up principally from performers who had remained there from the E. P. Christy party. S. C. Campbell, Jerry Bryant, W. M. Barker, Eph Horn, W. D. Corrister, C. D. Abbott, Stadtfeld, and A. Morgan were in the party. In 1856 a party was formed for a trip through Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Van Diemon’s Land and New Zealand. Among the party were Tom Brown, Otto Burbank, W. A. Parker, G. W. Demerest, D. F. Boley, J. O. Pierce, David Garson and others. They also called themselves the San Francisco Minstrels. Backus took the end, which he filled with so much credit, while Carson kept the bone end. It was Charley’s second trip to that country and, not liking it as well as he did the first, he left for California, via London and New York, in about 1860. Early in 1861 the company was under the management of Samuel Colville, when a snug sum was realized by all in the concern. Finally, in July, 1861, the company dissolved partnership, Burbank going to London and joining the “Christys.” The original San Francisco Minstrels went to Sacramento in 1857, where they shortly after had a split, one-half returning to San Francisco and the rest going through the interior. Billy Birch, Sam Wells, George Coes, S. C. Campbell, W. Barker, George Demerest (wench), and Hooley were in the party. They landed first at San Andrase, where they played to $2 a ticket, the house being crowded with miners. There was no stage or scenery of any description, which necessitated some change in their program. It was a flat floor they played on, with eight candles for footlights. On the program was an act announced that required scenery, but the boys did a walk-around instead. This was supposed to finish the show but the audience would not have it; and seeing them waiting Micawber-like, Birch stepped forward and with one of his characteristic speeches attempted to soothe their aching hearts. When he retired, loud calls were made for “some more,” whereupon Wells attempted to lay the flattering unction to their souls but they shouted, “Kill him!” etc. Birch once more came to the front but the audience indulged in much loud talk as to what they would do. The following day, soon after reaching a ranch, they were waited on by Judge Dudley (a distant relative of Birch), who showed him a letter from San Andrase pronouncing the members of the company frauds and indulging in a few other very indelicate epithets. The judge endorsed the minstrel boys as being all right and they had a good house that night. Birch visited San Andrase several times afterwards but he never approached the town without a flag of truce. A party consisting of Billy Birch, George Coes, Sam Wells, W. M. Barker, C. D. Abbott, F. Medina, W. D. Corrister and E. Deaves, opened at the Opera House, San Francisco, in September, 1859, under Maguire’s management.

SAN FRANCISCO MINSTRELS: was a band organized November 10, 1865, and opened at Eureka Theatre, San Francisco. Joe Taylor, Frank Medina, Johnny De Angelis, Jake Wallace, Lew Rattler, Charles Talbot, Clinton Murphy, Williams and Abbott were in the party.

SAN FRANCISCO MINSTRELS: was the title of a party that opened a new hall over Badger’s Auction Store, Montgomery Street, San Francisco, June 2, 1866. In the party were A. J. Talbot, Jake Wallace, Mons. Charles, Lewis Morton, Medina, Lorclain, Moss, and James Murphy. They closed up in June of the same year.

SAN FRANCISCO MINSTRELS: was the title given a band that opened October 3, 1866, at the Academy of Music, San Francisco, Cal., and consisted of A. J. Talbot, Billy Sheppard, Jake Wallace, Frank Medina, H. Nordbloom, J. R. Taylor, L. Mundweller, Prof. Fiedler, T. F. Barnwell, Prof. Freeman, Sig. Pinto, and J. Mundweller.

SANFORD & SMITH’S TROUPE: was located in a hall in Louisville, Ky., in September, 1859. After making a brief traveling tour they returned to Louisville. The party consisted of J. W. Smith, Sile Weed, Charles Kendall, John Cantine, Charles Sanford and Mlle. Margueritta.

SANFORD’S (S. S.) MINSTRELS: was a party organized and opened in 1843 at the old Southwark Hall, Philadelphia, and went thence to Temperance Hall, same city, where Sanford introduced Eve (Eph) Horn. After a brief stay there, the party went traveling in Pennsylvania; and at Pottsville, Pa., Eph Horn made his first appearance (accidentally) as Bones. John Diamond, who occupied the bone end with the company, got into an altercation with and stabbed a night watchman. Diamond was arrested and lodged in Harrisburg jail. This was during the inauguration of Gov. Shunk. The next day Horn took the bones, being his first appearance on the end, as previous to that he played the triangle. Dan Rice was one of the features of this show. The company returned to Philadelphia in the summer of 1844; and early in November they visited Baltimore, Md., opening at the Museum, November 2. John Diamond rejoined them there. The following is a copy of their program loaned us (some years before his death) by Frank Brower:

PROGRAMME
PART I: Northern Dandies
Overture - Full Band
Sing, Darkies, Sing - Tonton and Chorus
Cynthia Sue - S. Sanford and Band
Lucy Neal - S. Sanford
Juliane Johnson - Percell and Chorus
Ole Bull and Dan Tucker - Sanford and Band
Yellow Gals - Tonton and Chorus
De Ole Gray Goose - Sanford and Band
PART II: Slaves of the South
Railroad Overture - Full Band
Song and Dance “Whar Did You Come From?” - S. S. Sanford
Going Over the Mountains - Percell
Boatman’s Glee - Sanford, Diamond, Horn and Tonton
Baltimore Ladies, Come Out To-night - Full Band
The whole to conclude with a trial dance by Master Diamond and S. S. Sanford. As danced by them in New York and Philadelphia, to thousands of the elite. The afternoon Concert at 3 o’clock. Admission, 25 cents. Children, half price.

SANFORD’S MINSTRELS: were at the new Seventh Street Opera House, Seventh Street, near Arch, Philadelphia, formerly a church, which was fitted up for a minstrel hall by L. V. Tunison and H. Parsons, who opened it September 18, 1867, with S. S. Sanford’s Minstrels. Eph Horn, Frank Moran, Frank Girard, W. L. Hobbs, J. Morrison, F. Williams, C. Church, C. F. Shattuck, W. Allen, Devin Bros., W. Budworth, and J. Edwards. were in the party. On January 6, 1868, M. Ainsley Scott, G. Rockefeller, Master George, and Miss Maggie opened. The managers gave a good show but failed to meet with much encouragement and they closed February 22, 1868. After making a brief tour they returned to Philadelphia, re-opened at their old hall, March 9, but disbanded March 28, 1868.

SANFORD’S (S. S.) TROUPES: leased McDonough’s Olympic Theatre, Race Street, above Second Street, Philadelphia, In November, 1864, which Sanford opened November 14 with the following band: Frank Schaffer, Prof. Hasfelt, J. Orr, J. Williams, F. Basquin, J. Mortimer, J. Buckley, Larry Tooley, J. J. B. Whitman, J. Rainer, Master Willie, Young America, Julia and S. S. Sanford. They closed there in January, 1865. Mr. Sanford next became associated in management with Sam Sharpley and was with him during the season of 1865-66. On July 6, 1866, Mr. Sanford opened at Tony Pastor’s Opera House in the Bowery, New York, with a band. Mr. Sanford shortly after took a company to Pleasantville, PA., and then traveled through the state, closing up in April, 1869. In September, 1869, Mr. Sanford organized a small party which he called the PICKED NINE and traveled through Pennsylvania and New Jersey. During the summer of 1870, Mr. Sanford traveled with Gardner’s Circus as writer. In October, 1870, he organized a party to travel through New Jersey, consisting of Billy Chambers, bones; S. S. Sanford, tambo; Paul Berger, John Edwards, Holmes, Mortimer, Smith, Solomon, Brown, Creed, Stout, and Julian Reed. His next venture was the leasing of the old church, 928 North Second Street, above Poplar Street, Philadelphia, which he opened as a minstrel hall December 17, 1870. In the company were: John Forbes and W. Howard, end men; Master Julian Reed, Fulton Myers, W. L. Hirst, C. Wilson, Berger and others. After a successful season, he closed and went traveling; re-opening in the Second Street hall August 26, 1871, Eph Horn appearing as bones, Sanford as tambo, Paul Berger, “Ole Bull” Myers, J. E. Dougherty, Joseph Barth, J. Paul, Joe Saunders, J. Sterling, A. Holmes, A. Davis, Casha, J. Mitchell, Miss Rosalinda, La Petite, Master Freddie, and James W. Sanford. The house burned down October 17, 1871. Sanford leased Sanderson Opera House, Baltimore, Md., which he opened April 8, 1872. George Kunkel, W. Porter, Dan Conner, Fulton Myers, F. A.. Howe, Sanford and others were in the company. They closed May 9. He next organized a party for the Eleventh Street Opera House, Philadelphia, which he opened May 18, 1874, and closed June 6, when he went on a tour. Dan Gardner, Billy Porter, “Ole Bull” Myers, George W. Horn, Paul Berger, Frank Devere, W. Howard, J. Lynch, A. Harmer, C. Chase and others comprised the company in Philadelphia. Mr. Sanford organized a party in September, 1878, consisting of Frank Campbell, Fred Herting, W. Bell, C. Wilber, P. Cassel, G. Rudolph, C. Gardner, P. Holly, Paul Berger, B. Acherd, S. S. Sharkey, and F. Hall. Sanford leased Friendship Hall, corner of Norris and Sepviva Streets, Philadelphia, which he opened September 30, 1878, but it was of short duration. Once more Sanford took to the road but collapsed at Newark, N. J., on January 11, 1879.

SCHOOLCRAFT & COES: organized a party in Portland, Me., to take a traveling tour. They opened April 2, 1877, at Lawrence, Mass., with Ben Gilfoil, Luke Schoolcraft, James Fox, Bernardo, Schaffer, Slavin, D. Barron, Arthur Cook, George Coes and others.

SEARCH & MOXLEY’S NEW ORLEANS MINSTRELS: organized and opened in Baltimore, Md., at Maryland Institute, July 22, 1857, with Jake Search as the manager. They made a tour through the West.

SEAVER & COES’: opened the old Odeon, Brooklyn, N. Y., March 5, 1866, with the following talent: Charles Pettengill, J. K. Campbell, Johnny Allen, George Coes, W. P. Spaulding, M. Warren, G. W. Jackson, Walter Fields, G. H. Frugior, B. Isaacs, M. Riley, C. White, J. J. Hilliard, H. Isaacs, C. Curry, F. Bowen, G. Belden, and the Thompson Bros. They closed July 28 and went traveling.

SHARPLEY & ALLEN’S MINSTRELS: opened in Boston in July, 1869, for a few weeks. While playing there, they combined with Delehanty and Hengler’s party.

SHARPLEY & COTTON’S MINSTRELS: Sharpley, Cotton, M. T. Skiff, Master Bennie (Cotton), J. E. Green, William H. Chambers, Harry Bloodgood, Little Willie, George Schubert, Prof. Tannenbaum, Ira A. Paine, Edward Holden, Alfred Moe, George Monk, W. C. Schurb, Mons. Schultzhold, G. W. Pike, J. H. Cooper, and Master Charlie comprised the party. They closed August 24, 1867, Sharpley having secured a lease of the Theatre Comique, Broadway and Spring Street, New York, in conjunction with Charley White, and the company opened there August 26, giving a minstrel first part followed by a variety show. They closed there January 4, 1868, and disbanded. Reorganized, they opened at Newark, N. J., February 10, 1868. Dick Ralph, Masters Willie, Bennie and Ben Cotton were in the party. After a short tour they closed, but reorganized for the fall and winter season and opened November 12, 1868, at Arlington Hall, Chicago, with Sharpley, Cotton, Charles Church, George Gray, Alfred Moe, Harry Stanwood, Masters Willie and Charlie, Frank Kritta, J. Tannenbaum, Joseph Norrie, W. H. Chambers, and J. Reilley. Ben Cotton withdrew in January, 1869, and Sharpley took possession of Wood’s Museum, Chicago, on January 19. Charley Benedict took Cotton’s position on the end. Shortly after this the party was known as SHARPLEY’S MINSTRELS.

SHARPLEY’S MINSTRELS: on September 6, 1869, started out from Boston for a fall and winter tour, with Sharpley and Harry Stanwood on the ends, Joe Norrie in the middle, and Charles Atkinson, Frank Campbell, E. M. Hall and J. Henry Reynolds in the party. In May, 1870, his show was called “Sharpley’s Silver Show,” and Prof. Logrinia, with his birds and cat, as a portion of the entertainment. Sharpley reorganized a party in New York and opened at the San Francisco Minstrel Hall, 585 Broadway, May 13, 1872, with Sam Sharpley, tambo; Nelse Seymour, bones; James W. Lamont, interlocutor; Frank Campbell, Monroe Dempster, Charles Henry, Gen. Grant Jr., Harry Macarthy, and Charley White. Mackin and Wilson appeared June 17, and on June 29, the company closed and traveled until July 20, 1872, when they closed. They made a tour of the West, returning East in April, 1869, with Harry Stanwood on one of the ends. J. G. Withers, Jesse Kane, Church, and E. M. Hall were in the company. In June, 1869, he formed a co-partnership with Johnny Allen, and the party was then called SHARPLEY & ALLEN’S MINSTRELS.

SHARPLEY’S MINSTRELS: was the title of a company traveling in Kansas in October, 1857.

SHARPLEY’S MINSTRELS: organized in New York and opened in Middletown, Conn., August 20, 1861, with Abecco, T. McAnally, Dave Reed, James Lamont, James Granger, H. T. Mudge, C. King, and R. Edwards. They closed their traveling tour, came to New York and appeared at the Canterbury, under Fox & Curran’s management.

SHARPLEY’S MINSTRELS: were known as the “Iron Clads,” also the “Monitors.” The company was made up of the following: Sam Sharpley, C. A. Boyd, J. F. Sullivan, Frank Kent, J. D. Newcomb, J. Danford, John Williams, Richard Escott, Cool Burgess, Frank Bowles, Wally Thomas, G. W. Bailey, O. D. Underwood, Fred King, Herr Koenig, William Frazee. In the spring of 1863 Sharpley returned to New York, and, after a short rest, reorganized his company and started on another prosperous tour, which lasted, without interruption, until June, 1865. In April, 1865, S. S. Sanford became an equal partner with Sharpley, and the party traveled South. Sharpley opened at Bowery Minstrel Hall (afterwards Tony Pastor’s Opera House), 199 and 201 Bowery, opposite Spring Street, New York, June 12, 1865. The company consisted of S. S. Sanford, Cal Wagner, Hughey Dougherty, A. C. Stone, Little Archie, Jules Stratton, Dick Escott, Frank Bowles, E. T. Blackmar, Thomas Sears, Edwin French, William Chambers, Gil Pond, John Williams, J. Ambrose, John Masterson and J. F. Sullivan. Sharpley was tambo, and Wagner, bones. The season closed July 29, 1865. The company then went on a traveling tour through the East, starting in August, with Sanford, Wagner, Dougherty, F.. Myers, Archie Sharpley, Young Hengler, Isaac Perry, Walter Birch, E. T. Blackmar, Pond, Masterson, Escott, Chambers, W. T. Emerson, Williams, and H. Walsh. Wagner and Dougherty on the ends. Sharpley did not go with the party, but re-opened the house as Tony Pastor’s Opera House on July 31, and continued in partnership with Tony Pastor for some two years. In March, 1866, Tony Pastor’s Combination and Sharpley’s Minstrels united. After traveling for a while, Sharpley formed a copartnership with Ben Cotton and opened the Fifth Avenue Theatre, on Twenty-fourth Street, near Broadway, New York, on August 5, 1867, with a company which was called SHARPLEY & COTTON’S MINSTRELS.

SHARPLEY’S MINSTRELS AND SHERIDAN & MACK’S COMBINATION: started from New York for a traveling tour in August, 1873. They closed at Lynn, Mass., October 3, 1874. SHARPLEY’S SERENADERS: See REYNOLDS, NEWCOMB & BURGESS’ MINSTRELS.

SHELBY’S (DAN) MINSTRELS: started for a tour in December, 1863, through New York State. Billy McCracken, F. B. West, C. Willis, G. Dunbar, R. Lane, N. C; McElroy, and Mrs. Dan Shelby were in the party. They disbanded February 13, 1864. The company was later reorganized in Chicago in November, 1868, consisting of P. O. Hudson, W. Hindmonston, Bob Lindly, Dan Shelby, Master Willie, A. B. Kennedy, E. M. Hall, Devere, Frank Fisher, and Prendergast, and opened at Kankakee, Ill., November 9. They started from St. Louis August 3, 1869, for a summer tour with a party consisting of George Powers, Billy Pash, Frank Curtis, P. O. Hudson.

SHIMER & BARNEY’S MINSTRELS: were organized in Buffalo, N. Y., in January, 1867, and were advertised to open at Attica, N. Y., January 3; but the musicians not putting in an appearance, those who did go to Attica returned to Buffalo, “leaving footprints in the snow.”

SHOREY & MOWRY’S NEW ORLEANS METROPOLITAN MINSTRELS: were organized in Providence, R. I., and opened in Milford, Mass., April 9, 1866. The party consisted of Shorey, H. G. Mowry, Charles Gleason, M. Clark Clement, H. Drew Clement, L. Ball, Billy Weston, Flem Adams, Frank Bean, Billy Hammond, Harry Wilson, J. A. Reid, Charles Ball, W. W. Mayn, Ned Clark, and A. Young.

SHOREY, CARLE, DUPREZ & GREEN’S MINSTRELS: [See NEW ORLEANS AND METROPOLITAN BURLESQUE TROUPE.] continued traveling, Duprez being the business manager; Master Tommy, clods; W. Carle, E. Green, C. Bovee, M. T. Skiff, G. W. Bailey, J. P. Griffin, W. Herman, F. Bowles, Mons. C. Lavallee; Masters Tommy, Hope, and Shorey; Misses Estelle, Celestine, Duprez and G. Bates comprised the party. Owing to trouble among the managers, they disbanded at Baton Rouge, December 26, 1860, and reorganized on the 28th at New Orleans under the management of Duprez & Green, Shorey drawing out. A newspaper war was indulged in by Shorey and Duprez, each one calling the other some pretty hard names and each one making anything but complimentary statements about the other. As reorganized, the party consisted of Green, Lavallee, L. J. Donnelly, Nelse Seymour, W. D. Frazee, C. Bovee, J. F. Bowles, John Pratt; Master Charley, jig; W. B. La Point, G. P. Wright, E. N. Slocum, J. H. Carlton, M. Ainsley Scott, Peter Duprez, P. J. Pratt, George H. Surgeons, and C. H. Duprez. In March, 1861, they made many changes. E. N. Slocum and Charles Gardner joined. They closed their season July 4, 1861. They reorganized in October, 1861, and the John Denier & Warren pantomime troupe was added to the party. The party as now organized consisted of John Denier, E. Green, F. Bowles, C. Boyd, D. C. Rice, L. Havacki, M. Boynton, Duprez, C. Reynolds, George Bailey, E. Denier, A. Hathaway, Miss J. Lovell, F. Taineniu, William Warren, W. Thomas, T. Thorpe, P. Wilkins, S. Davis and S. Vienaire. They started from Boston by steamer for Newfoundland. The Denier pantomime company left there in January, 1862. On April 7 they started for a Western tour. In June, M. Ainsley Scott was middleman. F. S. Sprung joined them; also Cool Burgess, who, with C. Reynolds, had the ends. On June 18, they opened at the Boston Museum for two weeks. J. D. Newcomb was the advance agent. Closing in Boston July 2, they soon after took a steamer for New Orleans, under engagement to Spalding & Bidwell. They opened at the Academy of Music in November. Scott, C. Lavallee, J. H. Kellogg, A. S. Prentiss, L. L. Fabbrisco, W. J. Eagan, F. Adams Jr., William D. Benoit, George Duban, A. Connair, Master Florence, E. Holmes, J. Keth, H. Slate, Duprez, and Green were in the party. They closed in New Orleans, January 24, and sailed on the 25th for Havana, where their stay was very short. They returned to New York, February 6, 1863, and went West. J. Campbell left them in February. The season of 1863-64 closed in July, 1864. In November, 1865, Green withdrew from the company after twelve years’ connection with them, Duprez buying out his interest. Lew Benedict was engaged and opened November 22. J. B. Murphy, balladist and inlerlocutor; Tom Baker, bones; and Mons. Navoni joined the same time. The company then became known as DUPREZ & BENEDICT’S MINSTRELS.

SHOREY, MELVILLE & GREEN’S MINSTRELS: showed in Providence, R. I., August 19, 1869.

SHOREY’S SOUTHERN MINSTRELS: made a tour in February, 1854, with the following company: J. G. Wentworth, Durand, Lamos, F. A. Shorey, Cardelow, Wanton, and J. Austin.

SIMMONS & SLOCUM’S MINSTRELS: organized a band and opened their new opera house on Arch Street, above Tenth Street, Philadelphia, on August 29, 1870, with Lew Simmons, John S. Cox, E. N, Slocum, William Blakeney, Johnny Hart, Andy McKee, W. P. Sweatnam, Eddie Fox, Robert Fraser, William Eiseman, Charles Folly, William Ewers, William Sester, Charles Brown, Charles Heywood, George Clairidon, Joseph Norcross, William Clark, William A. Brisco, George Harris, John Crosher, William Blaber, J. S. Stout, Ed G. Stone, W. H. Chambers, and Charles Dettro. The season closed May 20, 1871, and they went on a traveling tour. They re-opened August 28, 1871. John Crosher closed late in January, 1872, intending to quit the business. Their hall burnt down March 20, 1872. They opened in New York, April 15, 1872, at Niblo’s Garden in the burlesque of “Poll and Partner Joe.” They opened in San Francisco, Cal., at the Alhambra Theatre, May 27. On July 8, David Wambold appeared, followed on the 15th by Cool Burgess, Charles Sutton and M. Ainsley Scott; July 29, Delehanty and Hengler, and they closed August 4. They re-appeared in Philadelphia, August 25, 1872, and in the company were Matt Wheeler, Luke Schoolcraft, W. L. Hobbs, Slocum, Simmons, Eddie Fox, J. J. Reiley, Fred Walz, Charles Stevens, Hurley, Marr, William Henry Rice, William Hamilton, Justin Robinson, Barlow Bros., John Crosher, C. F. Shattuck, Jasper R. Ross, J. H. Stout, and J. H. Beck. Joseph Allsop, basso, opened December 9; and Richard Magee, tenor, on December 23, made his first appearance on the stage. William Newcomb appeared September 29, 1873, followed on October 25 by Kelly and Leon. Billy Manning appeared as end man on March 23, 1874, and on the same date Primrose and West appeared. The season closed May 16, and the company traveled for the summer. On August 31, 1874, the season opened with Charles Reed, Harrington, McGlone, Pete Mack, Fostelle, J. L. Woolsey, Sweatnam, Simmons, Slocum, George Thatchert Welch, Johnny Rice, Shattuck, Hamilton, Charles Stevens, J. H. Stout, Eddie Fox and orchestra. Abecco opened January 11, and the season closed May 29, 1875. They then started on a tour, but closed late in June. In August, Billy Sweatnam became one of the partners and the company opened in Philadelphia, September 6, 1875, as SIMMONS, SLOCUM & SWEATNAM’S MINSTRELS. Abecco, George W. Harley, Sweatnam, Simmons, Slocum, Charles Reynolds, George Thatcher, Billy and Johnny Rice, and Gus Mills were in the company. In April 24, 1876, they made a new departure from the ruts of minstrelsy, appearing in their first part in continental costumes and they were called the CENTENNIAL MINSTRELS. The season closed July 15, 1876. They commenced their next season August 28, 1876. On October 31, Simmons and Slocum severed their connection with this troupe, owing to trouble with the proprietor of the opera house. They organized a party for a traveling tour, which they called SIMMONS & SLOCUM’S MINSTRELS. They opened at Easton, Pa., November 21, 1876. The party consisted of Welch, John Rice, George Thatcher, W. Henry Rice, George W. Harley, T. B. Dixon, Charles Stevens, Vincent Barone, Simmons and Slocum. A re-organization was made by Sweatnam and the party was called SWEATNAM’S MINSTRELS. They had J. J. Kelly, tenor, and C. F. Shattuck, interlocutor. They re-opened December 6, 1876. On Christmas Day the company was called SWEATNAM & FRAZER’S MINSTRELS. J. G. Russell, baritone appeared January 29, 1877. Milt G. Barlow opened March 24, appearing on the end and in the olio. He closed May 19. Simmons & Slocum’s party did not last long. The Arch Street Opera House opened for the next season on August 27, 1877, with SIMMONS, SLOCUM & SWEATNAM’S MINSTRELS, and consisted of Simmons and Frank Cushman, on the ends; Slocum, interlocutor; Charles Reynolds, Welch, Johnny Rice, Fred Walz, C. F. Shattuck, Eddie Fox, J. J. Kelly, Charles Stevens, Sandford and Wilson. Sweatnam did not arrive from California to appear until October 15. The season closed on February 16, 1878. They re-opened April 15 and the season closed in May. They re-opened September 16, 1878, with Billy Sweatnam as sole manager, as Simmons sailed for Europe June 12. In the company were Charles Reynolds, Charles Banks, Billy Carter, Burt Sheppard, Johnson, Bruno, J. R. Kemble, W. F. Holmes, C. P. Shattuck, Carl Rudolph, Fred Walz, John S. Cox, and J. H. Cox. The set for the first part represented an arbor with a garden at the back, set without any wings or entrances. The performers in the first part did not sit in the usual semi-circle but were scattered in various parts of the arbor.

SKIFF & GAYLORD’S MINSTRELS: were organized in Philadelphia in November, 1864, and they went to Trenton, N. J., to rehearse. They opened November 17 in New Brunswick, N. J., and not, as has been erroneously published, in 1859. Delehanty and Ward, Harry Stanwood, John Purcell, John Howard, J. J. Kutz, Samuel Hosfield, D. Sufflebine, Jacob Steeg, Ed Sullivan, P. Masterson, William Schaffer, J. P. Skinner, Thomas Prestwich, Low Gaylord (bones), M. T. Skiff, and C. Forrest (wench) made up the party, and C. E. Richardson, as agent. This company was organized and put on the road with the money of “Coal Oil Johnny,” as he was familiarly known---the sole condition being that portraits of himself as “financial agent” should adorn the posters and programs.

SKIFF’S MINSTRELS: were organized by M. T. Skiff, who commenced September 26; 1863, at Liberty Hall, Alexandria, Va., with G. W. Charles, Low Gaylord, John Purcell, J. H. Collins, Harry Bloodgood, Paul Andria, M. T. Skiff, and J. H. Reynolds. They remained there a very short time and went traveling, calling themselves SKIFF’S ARMOR PLATED ETHIOPIAN GUNBOATS. J. Tannenbaum and M. Ainsley Scott were in the party. M. T. Skiff retired from the stage for a while and was, in July, 1864, proprietor of the Beach House, Nantucket, Mass.

SKIFF, WHEELER, HORN & BRAY’S MINSTRELS: started from Boston and opened November 8, 1869, at Lynn, Mass. M. T. Skiff, Eph Horn Sr., Eph Horn Jr., Walter Bray, Cooper, Fields, Charles Church, William Chambers and others comprised the company, with C. B. Griste as agent.

SLITER & WOOD’S MINSTRELS: were playing through the states of Michigan and the far West in 1857 and in May appeared in Detroit. Dick Sliter and Mickey Warren were in the company.

SLITER’S (DICK) EMPIRE MINSTRELS: were traveling in 1850 and consisted of G. G. Snyder, G. B. Brown, E. D. Palmer, J. Gardiner, H. L. Sloan, G. W. Sherwood, H. L. Powers, Cool White, and R. H. Sliter. G. B. Brown, announced as the champion bone player of the world, performed a bone solo with imitations of birds, drums, horses, races, etc.

SMITH & SLAVEN’S ABOLIANS: made a tour of the Eastern states in February, 1867, under the management of Jerry Dashington.

SMITH AND TAYLOR: organized a party in New York, consisting of John Taylor, Archie Hughes, J. Brown, Fred Abbott, Billy Sheppard, J. H. Hilton, A. Campbell, W. Neil, Masters George and Willie Guy, and G. Percival, and sailed for Europe June 21, 1869. They played in Liverpool two weeks, after which they made a tour of the provinces. John E. Taylor left London for Australia November 15, 1875. He arrived at Melbourne January 1, 1876, and became partner in the management of the United States Minstrels in Sydney in June, 1876.

SMITH’S (BILL) MINSTRELS: were organized in New York in January, 1859, and appeared at the theatre in Albany but closed up in a few weeks.

SMITH’S (W. N.) ETHIOPIANS: organized in August, 1860, to travel South with Van Amburgh’s Menagerie. W. N. Smith, bones; A. Pierce, tambo; Master Smith, banjo; Otto Horn, violin; M. Corrigan, triangle; L. C. Bremmer, banjo; and Bobby Williams, clog.

SNIFFEN’S CAMPBELLS: was a first class band organized late in 1858 and opened at 444 Broadway, New York. They consisted of Matt Peel’s company, B. Golden, clog; Master Charles, wench; A. M. Hernandez, R. Abecco, J. A. Herman, ballads; B. A. Cotton; G. W. Moore, tambo; J. B. Donniker, J. T. Boyce, J. Unsworth, C. Howard, T. J. Peel, J. W. Adams, E. H. Winchell, N. W. Gould, Asche, and L. Condit. They opened August 30. Matt Peel withdraw in October, when a re-organization was made. A. Montgomery, H. Hempe, J. Warren, R. Carroll, Cotton, and Gould remained. Cool White opened November 15, as middle man, and Howard left to join Matt Peel’s Minstrels. B. A. Cotton returned in December, taking Unsworth’s place as bones. In January, 1859, another re-organization was made with Billy Birch, bones; E. Bowers, interlocutor; G. W. Moore, tambo; J. B.. Donniker, violin; B. Golden, clog; J. B. Herman, ballads; R. Abecco, harp; A. M. Hernandez, B. A. Cotton; R. M. Carroll, jig; and Master Charles, wench. Cool White left soon after. They disbanded in February, 1859, owing to bad business.

SOUTHERN MINSTRELS: organized in the month of February, 1859, and made a lengthy tour with Dan Wilson, bones and jig; J. Williams, tambo; Young Master Walter, ballads; J. Brown, basso and guitar; E. Bowen, banjo; Charles Heep, violin; and .W. C. Shearn, manager.

SPRAGUE’S MINSTRELS: organized and opened in Nashville, Tenn., in March, 1863. They consisted of Fred Reinbolt, Charles Vogt, Gus Shaw, Von Humelbacher, Billy Sweatnam, Tim Woodruff, and La Belle Louise.

STAR BAND OF METROPOLITANS: were organized in the South in March, 1859, by a Mr. Wright. In the party were Murphy, Foster, Purdy, Kendall, Holt, etc.

STEAMER BANJO MINSTRELS: was a party under the management of Frank Cardella that started December, 1859, on the steamer for a trip on the Mississippi River with Sam Long, B. A. Cotton, N. G. Foster, J. T. Wambold, Joe Mais, Sam Gardner, John W. Adams, George M. Hill, J. V. Chadduck, C. Keene, C. Young, and Tom Allen. In the spring of 1860, M. Herman, T. Chatfield, Joe Kinslow, and J. Pfaffenschlager joined.

STEWART BROS.: organized a party and traveled through Indiana and Ohio, commencing in Fort Wayne, in December, 1869.

STRONG & BURGESS MINSTRELS: organized a band in New York early in 1860 and started for California.

SWEATNAM’S (BILLY) MINSTRELS: organized in September, 1866, for a tour through Ohio. Billy Sweatnam, C. Howard, Prof. Spirls, G. Wallace, G. Barker, Tommy Manning, W. J. Jacobs, Dan Sweatnam, and J. Thorne were in the company.

TAYLOR’S MINSTRELS: J. H. Taylor, proprietor, opened in Newark, N. J., January 14, 1865, with A. C. Morrison, J. L. Marchant, J. H. Richie, A. Force, J. H. Hilton, Reeves, W. N. Smith, Joe English, Mons. Gibbonoise, Anna Lee, and Emma Birch. A re-organization occurred at Bristol, R. I., where they opened on July 30, 1868. G. H. Coes, T. L. Merchant, Tom Yates, Walter Birch, Frank Dumont, H. Lockwood, E. Harrison, James Johnson, F. Blakeley, and George Warren were in the company. J. H. Taylor and Frank Dumont occupied the ends.

THAYER AND NEWCOMB’S BAND: organized in 1849 by A. L. Thayer and William W. Newcomb. This party continued together for four years. In 1849 the party was located at the hall at the corner of Court and Hanover Streets, Boston.

THAYER’S MINSTRELS: were organized in the fall of 1848, with A. L. Thayer as manager. The company consisted of Edward B. Gray, called the “Boston Rattler and King of Dancers”; Charles Howard, left hand violinist; A. L. Thayer, banjoist; John G. Brown, tambourine; Charley Huntley, bones; W. Newcomb; and Fred Wilson, clog dancer and walk-arounds. Gray gave imitations of all the principal dancers in the country, including Dick Pelham, John Smith, Frank Brower, Master Juba, John and Frank Diamond, and George Christy. They played at the Park House, Boylston Garden, Boston.

THOMAS’ (JERRY) TROUPE: organized a minstrel party and opened the Brighton Theatre, located on the west side of Broadway, above Thirtieth Street, on December 30, 1878, with the following minstrel band: A. H. Pelham, Billy Bryant, Harry Percy, Lew and Charles Dockstader, Charles Storms, Bob Hart, Emil Ames, Charley White, Gibbons, Davenport, George W. Woods, John H. Mack and an orchestra.

THOMPSON’S LONE STAR MINSTRELS: consisted of John A. Thompson (better known in the dramatic profession as representative of old men), interlocutor; T. R. Murphy, tambo; William McCellan, bones; Master Johnny, Charles Duffy, Harry De Vere and Charles Frazer. They started in August, 1874, for a tour through Texas. They closed September 15, 1874.

THORNTON & FISH: made a tour of the Canadas with a party in September, 1867, and then traveled East with T. Fish, F. L. Thornton, C. Austin, M. Foley, C. Fish, J. Fish, A. Nix, M. Dempster, G. R. Winship, H. Fish, F. G. Butler, R. B. Taylor, F. Hendricks and Master J. Sweeney.

THORPE & OVERIN’S MINSTRELS OF ALL NATIONS: opened November 27, 1665, at Masonic Hall, northeast corner of Grand and Crosby Streets, New York, with the following people: George Guy, Joseph Braham, Masters George and Willie Guy, Willie Martini, T. Donaldson, Oliver White, Bolus, H. Clifford, Dick Healey, Field, Gonzalez, and Clark Bros. They collapsed December 13 but reopened December 23 with George Guy, Warren White, Walter Field, Frank Dey, Dick Healey, Jessie Robinson, Grace Duvernay, and Mlle. Gertiani. They closed Christmas night.

THREE DARK UNAPPROACHABLES, THE: This was the title given to John Diamond, Chestnut and Hoyt when they appeared at the Park Theatre, New York, succeeding the Virginias in 1842.

TOLEDO OPERA HOUSE MINSTRELS: consisted of O. M. Blake, James A. Hayes, Prof. Luckner, Lew Benedict, J. F. Oberist, J. G. Tomaze, John H. Carle and daughters, Estella and Celestine; Charley Rivers, and Miss Victoria. This party occupied the Opera House, Toledo, Ohio, in May, 1862.

TOPLIFF’S MINSTRELS: composed of Harry Haviland, G. W. Herman, Tim McIntyre, Fulton Knight, Harry Wells, C. M. Reese, Louis Gumphert, Howard, and Cobburn made a tour of the oil regions in December and January, 1867-68;

TROY’S VIRGINIANS: were traveling in Kentucky in 1861. They opened in Louisville in February. Old Matt Bork, banjoist, was with them. In November this party took the name of TROY’S UNION MINSTRELS, J. Nelson, banjoist; Johnny Troy, bones; Tom Cannon, tambo.

TURNER & MACK’S PARTY: consisting of Ned Turner, J. H. Thayer, J. N. Davis, G. M. Smith, Herr Clinger, Master Charles, A. M. Palmer, Sid Thayer, Billy Matthewson, J. H. Quirch, Master Tinsley, J. A. Johnson, Frank Master, Billy Harwood, George Florence, and Sig. Garriga, made a tour of the Canadas in September, 1863.

TWILIGHT SERENADERS: organized in Pennsylvania in 1860, and opened in Erie, Pa., on the 25th with J. F. Oberist, C. A. Swartz, F. McWhaster, E. F. Clark, J. C. Burns, and D. J. Lockwood.

UNION MINSTRELS: organized in January, 1861, for a tour of Indiana and the South with Nick Ryan, Mike Phelan, Dan Trotter, W. W. Patterson, Sam Messenger, Dan Cleveland, C. W. Campbell, Jim Gray, and H. Peel.

UNION STAR MINSTRELS: were made up in New Bedford, Mass., in April, 1863, and consisted of A. S. Remington, bones; M. B. Leavitt, tambo; S. W. Hutchinson, Dan Ashley, banjo and interlocutor; Nat Luce, Paul Leon, wench; Lew Hart, J. H. Lawrence, E. M. Leslie, and B. T. Whitemore. They made a tour through Massachusetts.

UNITED STATES MINSTRELS: was a party organized in Melbourne, Australia, after Billy Emerson had closed his engagement there in June 1874. G. W. Rockefeller, Charles Holly, Buckley, Tommy Hudson, Campbell and West appeared at Apollo Hall, Melbourne, and played to very good business. In July they formed a coalition with Louis Braham, T. Rainford, and Nick Fullade and opened at the Opera House in that city. In July, 1875, they occupied the School of Arts in that city, after which they made a tour of the interior. Returning to Apollo Hall, they attracted crowded houses. They then moved to St. George’s Hall in that city and opened April 9, 1877, with William Horace Bent and Richard W. Kohler added to the company. They again appeared at the School of Arts, where they closed in August, 1877, and visited Brisbane. They afterwards went on a tour, appearing in Castlemaine in April, 1878. In November, 1878, they occupied St. George’s Hall, Melbourne. E. Amery, basso; Browning, baritone; Walter Hawkins, male soprano; Charles Holly, jig; Brown and Newlands, end men; Owen Conduit, Johnny Thompson, G. W. Rockefeller, Tommy Hudson, Louis Braham, and R. W. (Dick) Kohler comprised the company. Washington Norton left the company a short time previous. The business of this company has been very large in Australia.

UNSWORTH’S MINSTRELS: organized and opened at Bridgeport, Conn., February 25, 1861. Unsworth, Eugene, and Donniker were proprietors. R. Abecco, Julius Stratton, T. Hayes, C. O’Neil, Signor Maro, J. Frost, H. Trigg, J. M. Loomis, B. O. Jones, and Johnson were in the party. They returned to New York and closed in May, 1861.

VIRGINIA MINSTRELS: were traveling in Pennsylvania in September, 1858, and shortly after went South. John W. Landis, J. R. Myers, J. A. Williams, Paul Berger, and Ben Yeager were in the company.

VIRGINIA MINSTRELS: under the management of O. F. Drew started from Richmond, Va., December 1, 1875, on a tour. In the organization were Prof. Mereo, Charles Norris, bones; Torie Zerlini, Hamilton, tambo; W. Wagner, Morris Bros., Willie Hart and Joe Wilson.

VIRGINIA MINSTRELS AND PEARL BELLRINGERS: organized in New York and gave performances in a small hall on the corner of Center and Pearl Streets. This is the same place where Matthew T. Brennan afterwards kept a public house. Frank Brower and Johnny Reynoldson were the features of the show.

VIRGINIA SERENADERS: in which Eph Horn, David P. Bowers, and J. Moran were the leading features. They traveled with Raymond and Waring’s Menagerie, performing under canvas. In December, 1844, the Virginia Serenaders consolidated with the ETHIOPIAN SERENADERS. The party consisted of Cool White, J. R. Myers (Dick Myers), Tony Winnemore, Eph Horn, James Sandford, Edwin Deaves, Master Diamond, and Robert Edwards. Some of the great attractions with this party were Horn and Sandford in the “Dutch Farce.” The arrival of the New Orleans Serenaders with their intention to locate in Philadelphia, caused the disbandment of the old Virginia Seranaders, except upon special occasions.

VIRGINIA SERENADERS: with Mr. Deaves as one of the principal cards. This party appeared in Philadelphia at the Masonic Hall, Chinese Museum, Temperance Hall (Northern Liberties), Arch and Chestnut Street Theatres at stated intervals. Charley White remained but a brief time with the party. From Philadelphia they went on a traveling tour, visiting Boston, where they did the act for the first time called “The Black Shakers.” This was in May, 1849, at the Howard Athenaeum.

VIRGINIA SERENADERS: was the title of a band that was organized at Kittery, Me., and gave their initial performance in that town March 21, 1867. J. Burns, Al Withim, Oscar Marr, Frank Pearl, and Master Dixie were in the party.

VIRGINIA STAR TROUPE: was organized in Newark, N. J., in July, 1859, and opened on the 4th with H. Sexton, W. F. Nutter, William B. Hunter, R. Carter, J. Lorckey, Bobby Hunter, Billy Griffin, Hen Sexton (brother to Mert Sexton); Andy Campbell, bones; and Billy Lester, tambo.

WAGNER & COTTON’S MINSTRELS: started out early in August, 1878, for a season’s campaign with Johnny Brooks, Harry Stanwood, Girard Bros., Cal Wagner, Ben Cotton, W. W. Rankin, George Eustache, and Jacob Riley. The partnership was dissolved November 23, 1878, and Cotton left the party.

WAGNER (CAL) & CO.’S MINSTRELS: opened in Orange, N. J., November 7, 1865, and consisted of Jimmy Wright, Henry Ide, J. C. Carter, G. W. Rockefeller, E. H. De Coo, D. H. Smith, George Watt, Neil Rogers, Dion De Marbelle, George W. Clark, Masters Rogers and O’Brien, Henry Stewart, E. F. Baggage, W. C. Hadley, Asa La France, George S. Norris, Joseph B. Otis, George Peckham, Charles Smith, and C. A, Jones. This party was shortly after called THE PONTOONS. They closed up in the summer of 1866.

WAGNER & HALL: organized a company in Wheeling, West Va., and took to the road May 1, 1875, with Johnny Hall, Leon Bruce, Billy Wagner, C. A. Conners, Charles Dumont, Fred Kent, George Gans, Billy Boyd, Harry S. Campbell, Joe Kramer, Max Feinler, Theodore Roller, Charles Turner, and Harry Diamond.

WAGNER (CAL) & SAM HAGUE’S MINSTRELS: started on a tour West in February, 1866, with Cal Wagner, Sam Hague, T. D. Fenner, J. T. Carter, G. W. Rockefeller, D. H. Smith, Harry Wagner, Little Stevie (Stevie Rogers), W. C. Hadley, James M. Otis, J. H. Raymond, George E. Peckham, George S. Norris, George W. Clark, Henri Stewart, George Roberts, Neil Rogers, and E. F. Baggage (“Phat Boy”), agent.

WAGNER & SIMMONDS: organized a band in Newark, N. J., and opened in Bloomfield, N. J., January 1, 1866, with Charles Wagner, H. Simmonds, Frank Howard, T. L. Johnston, T. M. Curtis, William Dayton, T. L. Brennan, J. E. Thomas, T. H. Howe, and S. Rankin.

WAGNER’S (HAPPY CAL) MINSTRELS: opened in Baldwinsville, N. Y., October 18, 1869. In the party were Cal Wagner, Ben Hayes, J. H. Roberts, George Barbour, Bob Edwards, James Weston, Gus Clarke, Mike Stanton, John McDonald, Master Steve Peel, and George McDonald, agent. They commenced their next season on August 15, 1870, at Syracuse, N. Y. Lew Hallet, P. O. Myers, George Wilson, W. W. Barbour, G. A. Barbour, George Bagley, Teal Seymour, Archy White, Harry Wayne, Ed Morris, and Ed Tinkham were in the party. In November, 1870, J. Haverly took Cal Wagner with a minstrel party on the road. May 22, 1871, Johnny Booker joined, and in August, 1872, Billy Arlington was a member of the company. The partnership between Haverly and Wagner was dissolved November 8, 1873. A re-organization took place with the following people in the company: Johnny Booker, Sam Price, Edwin Harley, Earl Bruce, John H. Murphy, J. G. Gross, James Green, Thomas Sadler, and others. The season closed June 20, 1874. The next season he traveled with several changes in the company and had a prosperous tour, which closed at Evansville, Ind., March 20, 1875. This company soon after started out for a summer’s tour and was called SAM PRICE’S MINSTRELS.

WAMBOLD & BACKUS’ MINSTRELS: See BACKUS’ (CHARLEY) ORIGINAL MINSTRELS.

WAMBOLD’S MINSTRELS (not D. S.): was an organization traveling South. They disbanded at the St. Charles Theatre, New Orleans, April 15, 1860, in consequence of bad business.

WAMBOLD’S MINSTRELS: consisting of G. H. Harris, Harry Wilson, Charles Hamilton, Louis R. Lindley, Frank Parent, James Russell, George Boyd, Hamilton Shelly, Harry Johnson, and Howard Marvello, opened October 13, 1865, in New Albany, Ind. They were in existence but one or two weeks.

WARD & WEBB’S MINSTRELS: opened March 4, 1878, in Philadelphia. The party consisted of Charles Sutton, Dave Holbrook, Frank Campbell, Frank Bonner, John Sheldon, Walter Wallace, Charles Busby, Phillip Freeman, Cummings, Hines, Bernardo, John A. Armstrong and others. After a season of two weeks’ bad business, they disbanded.

WARDEN’S BURLESQUE TROUPE: appeared in Baltimore, Md., in March, 1858. Frank Weston was in the company.

WARDEN’S TROUPE: consisted of Charles Melville, Billy Boyd, Warden, F. Lynch, Nish, Paudert and Sutton. They traveled in 1855.

WAVERLY MINSTRELS: confined themselves to the small towns in the immediate vicinity of New York. B. Garno, a gentleman afterwards well known in the theatrical and billiard world, was one of the principal performers.

WAYNE, HARRISON & WIGGINS’ BAND: was organized in Manchester, N. H., and opened in Concord, N. H., May 1, 1865. In the party were J. Morton, F. Rivers, B. Hoytt, E. B. Hamblin, C. E. Danforth, C. Stearns, J. L. Lefavour, A. Riddelle, and Master J. Lang.

WEAVER & LAWTON’S MINSTRELS: opened December 27, 1876, at Reading, Pa. Add Weaver, Alf Lawton, Henderson, White, Campbell, Green, and the Barlow Brothers were in the company. They disbanded on December 30 after three days’ existence.

WELCH, HART & CLARKE’S MINSTRELS: gave their initial entertainment on December 23, 1872, at Springfield, Ill. The company consisted of Fayette Welch, James W. Clarke, Thomas, Reed, J. Rapier, Frank Harrison, Ned West, George Pierce, H. Rushby, Henry Milton and a brass band. On January 31, 1873, W. W. Newcomb joined and the company was thereafter called WELCH & NEWCOMB’S. On March 31, 1873, Newcomb severed his connection with them and they soon after disbanded.

WELCH & HUGHES’ MINSTRELS: consisting of Welch, Hughes, Harry White, Albert Welling; Dick Willis, Dave Wilson, A. C. Proctor, C. A. Mathews, George Franchew and others opened in Newark, N. J., November 8, 1877.

WELCH & NEWCOMB’S: See WELCH, HART & CLARK’S MINSTRELS.

WELLINGTON & CHATWICK’S MINSTRELS: made a tour of Utah and Arizona Territories in December, 1866. After crossing some four hundred miles of mountain and sandy desert while on their way to California, the first town they reached was Lanburnolio, where they played in June, 1867, to crowded audiences. In the party were Budd Wellington, Charles Chatwick, Thomas Arlington, Ned Sweet, C. L. Merrill, T. Owen Prentiss, Mat Cannon, J. T. Maxadow, C. E. Hall, Ben Wood, J. Carlton, J. F. Moore, and Master Clarence.

WELLS & HUSSEY’S MINSTRELS: organized in San Francisco and went on a traveling tour through the mountain towns and returned to San Francisco in July, 1859, opening at the Lyceum Theatre, where they remained only two weeks and then disbanded.

WELLS AND KANE: started from St. Louis, Mo., in May, 1869, to travel. George Cushing, J. Clark Wells, manager; Kane and Carroll were in the party.

WESTERN MINSTRELS: opened in Nebraska City in April, 1860, and then traveled with J. A. Grubb, S. F. Baldwin, H. S. Whitten, Thomas Lorten, A. J. Harding, and W. H. Wilson.

WESTON & PRENDERGAST’S MINSTRELS: consisting of: Frank Weston, J. Prendergast, D. A. Crow, W. T. Anderson, Edward West, B. S. Warren, and L. Miners, organized in February, 1865, and traveled in the far West.

WESTON AND HUSSEY: took a minstrel band, consisting of H. Ackland, Harry Kelly, Frank Hussey, N. La Fenillade, J. Stewart, T. Campbell, Max Maretzie, D. Warren, G. Fitch, W. Harrison, Frank Weston, Charles Holly, T. J. Peel, T. Rainford, J. Herman, N. Reeves, Cullimore, T. Buckley, H. Reynolds, and J. Hart, and opened at St. George’s Hall, Melbourne, Australia, in June, 1869.

WHITE’S (CHARLEY) MELODEON: in 1850, Charley White had a minstrel company at the Melodeon, 59 Bowery, New York, consisting of R. White, C. White, F. Stanton, W. Smith, H. Neil, Master Juba and Dan Bryant. Dan remained one year on the end. In September, 1853, Mr. White associated with him in the management, Dan Emmett. The admission fee was 12½ and 6¼ cents. The Melodeon closed on April 22, 1854. Charley was very successful here, having introduced to the public E. Bowers, R. M. Carroll (made his debut here as Master Marks), Dan Emmett, Frank Stanton, Lilly Coleman, John Murray, Pic Butler, M. Turner, W. Roark, J. Huntley, John Donnelly, M.. Lewis (Lewis Mairs), G. White, Billy Smith, Master Juba, Boston Rattler, W. Donaldson, W. Quinn, J. Carroll, Tim Norton, Tom Briggs, H. Rumsey, James Budworth, Dan Gardner, William Budworth, Joe Brown, T. D. Rice, Mike Mitchell, John Mulligan, Luke West, Sam Wells, Johnny Pell, Billy Newcomb, Charles Fox, P. B. Isaacs, D. S. Wambold, John Savori, Rayner, E. Deaves, Pierce and Warren. Charley White then opened at the St. Nicholas Rooms, 495 Broadway, three doors above Broome Street, with White’s Serenaders.

WHITE’S (COOL) BROADWAY MINSTRELS: started from New York, May 21, 1866, and opened in New Brunswick, N. J. The party consisted of Cool White, T. McNally, J. E. Green, Dick Ralph, J. Wilson, Z. Mortimer, T. Schapcott, Sig. Navoni, J. P. Maguire, S. Coley, H. Stewart, Walter Fields, W. Schwab, J. Celona, J. Wilkinson and Thomas Warhurst, agent. The company collapsed early in June, 1866.

WHITE’S SERENADERS: formerly PRENDERGAST’S MINSTRELS, with Dan Emmett as banjoist. Dan Bowers made a success of “Old Bob Ridley.” He opened his new house, 49 Bowery, opposite the Bowery Theatre, New York, in August, 1854. Pell was in the company. John Diamond opened in May, 1855. In July, 1857, the party appeared at Barnum’s Museum. The Opera House closed in October, 1857. The party was known as White’s Ethiopian Opera Troupe while at 49 Bowery. Charley White is the originator of afterpieces in minstrel bands, having introduced them at the Melodeon. In August, 1856, Charley White located his minstrels at the Chinese Assembly Rooms, 539 Broadway, New York. Eph Horn was in the party. In May, 1860, he opened 598 Broadway in conjunction with A. Adams. It was a few doors above the Metropolitan Hotel.

WHITE’S SERENADERS: were organized by Charley White in 1846 and consisted of R. White, Charley White, F. Stanton, W. Smith, H. Neil, and Master Juba. They appeared at the Melodeon, 53 Bowery, New York.

WHITING’S MINSTRELS: opened in Schuylkill Haven, Pa., July 14, 1865. Eugene F. Gorman, J. H. Whiting, George Hill and others were in the party.

WHITMORE & CLARK’S MINSTRELS: reorganized in May, 1866, with the following performers: George M. Clark, A. White, Andy Weaver, Boyle Bros., C. A. Whitman, E. P. Hardy, Jimmy Porter, Thomas Mayo, Andy Wyatt, E. C. Clements, Thomas Maynard, F. Packard, Johnny Armstrong, J. K. Strong, F. Perkins, and W. Thorbahn. They traveled East. They reorganized the next season with George M. Clark, Hank White, Johnny Morrisey, Eddie Lincoln, Otto Newbert, Johnny Dunbar, Fred Britton, L. A. Reed, J. G. Bishop, S. W. West, J. Holt, G. E. Kinsley, J. T. Maynard, E. P. Hardy, O. S. Holden, and M. Chiniski. In December, 1869, this party was playing through Massachusetts with C. H. Colborn, cornet; Johnny Morrisey, bones; Hank White, trombone; George M. Clark, middle. Whitmore & Clark reorganized at White River Junction, Vt., on January 5, 1874, with Clark and Hardy as proprietors. In the party were Frank Morton, Hank White, George M. Clarke, Thomas Maynard, Master Freddy Conway, Mack, Carl Rudolph, Andy M. Wyatt, and L. C. Read. This company closed at Windsor, Vt., November 22, 1875.

WILD, BARNEY & MAC’S MINSTRELS: gave their first show at Providence, R. I., October 25, 1869. In the company were Sam Devere, Frank Meyring, Byron George, R. T. Tyrrell, B. Tyrrell, G. W. Barnard, H. J. Milliken, J. Hayden, C. T. Smith, and Charles Wilson.

WILLIAMS’ EMPIRE MINSTRELS: was the title of a party on the road early in 1847. William Morris was among them.

WILLIS & THOMPSON’S MINSTRELS: opened in Mobile, Ala., May 27, 1865, with Oscar Willis, Willis Armstrong, E. K. Collins, James Snyder, C. G. Spinola, Master Bobby, J. W. Thompson, James Livingston, John Stuart, James Weaver, Ed Magruder, J. T. Murphy, Frank and Emilie Siegel.

WILSON & MORRIS’ MINSTRELS: were started from Boston, Mass., in December, 1860, for a traveling tour. The party consisted of Fred Wilson, clog; Charles A. Morris and W. H. Brockway, managers; George W. Shepard, C. Reynolds, M. T. Skiff, Add Weaver, Little Barney, S. P. Emery, A. Jones, C. A. Boyd, W. Field, W. Blair, F. Fordukes, and J. D. Burton. C. Backus joined them in January, 1861. They closed a two weeks’ stay at Austin Hall, Boston, March 16, 1861. After a short travel, they disbanded in April.

WILSON & WILSON’S NEW YORK MINSTRELS: was a band that consisted of John and R. D. Wilson, W. Merrill, W. Carlton, Charles Florence, John Freeman, John Godley, Francis De Moore, Master Clarence, H. H. Gardner, A. J. Talbot, Jake Wallace, William Vincent, Frank Medina, and Tommy Bree. They opened at Platt’s Hall, San Francisco, Cal., February 8, 1867, and lasted just four days, as the party was too big (seventeen in the first part) to make the ‘‘ghost walk,’’ and the manager closed up.

WILSON’S CIRCUS MINSTRELS: consisting of Fred Sprung, Frank Wilson and George Winship, was a party that accompanied Wilson’s Circus over the mountain towns in California during August, 1865.

WILSON’S (FRED) MINSTRELS: gave their first show at Jacksonville, Ill., March 2, 1873. Fred D. Goslee was the tenor. In May, Fred Fox, George Wilson, John Rapier, Will Morton, and R. M. Tileston were in the party. The season closed June 16, 1873, at Lafayette, Ind.

WILSON’S MINSTRELS: [See MC CHESNEY & BRIGGS] consisting of Billy Norwood, Ned Turner, F. Lapham, N. B. Shimer, Dr. D. Wilson, Master Tommy, and Frank Mintford started late in November, 1864, for a tour through New York State.

WILSON’S MINSTRELS: On June 27, 1868, they closed their season in St. Louis and went traveling. In the party were J. R. Kemble, Cal Wagner, Harry Talbot, C. S. Fredericks, J. J. Kelly, Rollin Dano, J. G. Withers, Prof. Blakeney, Frank Cardilla, F. Wilson, Tommy Queen, Ed Montgomery, Jules Seidel, Charles Kommefsky, Lucas Cooke, and William Collins. They re- opened in St. Louis September 7, 1868.

WINNEMORE’S SERENADERS: consisted of A. F. Winnemore, manager and proprietor; F. Solomon, leader; G. Harrington, musical director; J. Rudolph, W. D. Laconta, D. W. Lull, J. Thompson, Tom Brower, J. Donnelly, Paine, and Mitchell. They appeared in Philadelphia in November, 1849.

WINSHIP’S OPERA TROUPE: was organized in 1853 by George Winship. They traveled from New York to New Orleans, meeting with fair success. They disbanded in 1854 but re-organized in 1856 and traveled the Northern States and Canada, disbanding in Montreal.

WINTHROP SERENADERS: organized and traveled through Massachusetts in July, 1858, with J. B. Dunton, E. Cutter, J. Crowell, N. J. Hall, Billy Whitney, Harry Blanchard, Frank West, and J. Woodworth.

WOOD & NIXON’S MINSTRELS: appeared at Apollo Hall, New Orleans, in November, 1859. In December they started traveling with Dan Wood, Hank Wakeley, Jimmy Carroll, Charles Rand, Joe Nixon, and Master Reede. They after-wards went through the West.

WOOD’S EMPIRE MINSTRELS: commenced a western tour in December, 1859, with Charles Sanford, J. Smith, Sile Weed, and J. C. Willis.

WOOD’S ETHIOPIAN TROUPE: was a party that organized in September, 1860, for a traveling tour, but were soon after known as BELROY’S ETHIOPIANS.

WOOD’S METROPOLITAN MINSTRELS AND JULIAN’S OPERA TROUPE: organized in Providence, R. I., by Samuel Corry as manager in April, 1863. They consisted of F. J. Wood, Charles Slocum, Harry Bloodgood, Dan Pell, S. W. Lagee Jr., George D. Horance, W. Harrington, B. J. Donniker, H. H. Massey, C. Hill, Daniel Lang, H. Walsh, J. Cane, and Charles Karavell. Fanny Wood appeared in the first part in white face as interrogator.

WOOD’S MINSTRELS: under the management of James H. Budworth, consisted of W. S. Budworth, R. Howard, J. K. Campbell, H. Wheeler, M. G. Solomon, Master F. Budworth, and J. H. Budworth. They opened at Barnum’s Museum, New York, in July, 1860, where they closed August 18 for a traveling tour, under the title of BUDWORTH’S MINSTRELS. J. Slater, Mons. Delvidie, Mr. Ketter, A. H. Wood, Rollin Howard, Mons. Strakosch, Thomas Hall, W. S. Stratton, Master Tommy, and W. S. Budworth were in the party.

WOOD’S MINSTRELS: started December 24, 1869, and opened in Lawrenceburg, Ind., with Marsh Adams, interlocutor; Tim Woodruff and Harry Nickerson, end men; Harry Parker and others. Harry Wood was manager.

WOOD’S MINSTRELS: under the management of Cool White, started from New York and opened January 4, 1866, in Morrisania, N. Y., with S. S. Purdy, J. H. Budworth, H. T. Mudge, J. Clark, T. McNally, Walter Fields, J. Wilson, T. Simpson, Z. Mortimer, Sig. Vayo, J. Bergness, N. C. Dumaille, J. Bishop, J. Chitry, and Chit Moore, agent.

WOOD’S MINSTRELS: was another party organized by Sylvester Bleecker in June, 1862, and started for a traveling tour on the 7th. Theodore Jacobs (brother to Mrs. George Holman), J. H. Carleton, Billy Allen, S. Myers, W. Herman, J. Eastmead, J. Kelk, M. Brooks, R. Thompson, J. Owens, and J. Francis. Sylvester Bleecker was manager for Tom Thumb for a long time.

WOOD’S MINSTRELS: was the title of an organization started in December, 1862, by Palmer and company. The performers consisted of Prof. Rhinehart, Frank Berger, Billy Sweatnam, Gus Shaw, Tim Woodruff, C. W. Morgan, Frank Wilson, Moses Rumney, and Master Willie.

WOOD’S MINSTRELS: were organized in New York in January, 1860; immediately after, Henry Wood closed. They started West with the following people: L. Meyer, R. Thompson, F. Edwards, J. H. Budworth, Ned Davis, C. Crosby, R. Abecco, H. W. Ellis, Sylvester Bleecker (the manager and middle man), and H. Guyon. Budworth left early in March and Dave Reed took his place. J. W. Beyer, L. M. Reese, and F. Wyant also joined. In June, E. Harrison, violinist, was engaged. They returned to New York October 25 for a few weeks’ rest, after which they traveled again, but finally returned to New York April 24, 1861, and disbanded.

WOOD’S NEW YORK MINSTRELS: was the name of a party performing at Yazoo City, in January, 1859. They were on the steamer, Banjo, at the time; and consisted of S. Gardner, George W. Hills, T. L. Chatfield, M. B. Fox, J. H. Cassiday, J. Mairs, T. H. Jefferson, and Young Master Tommy. They visited New Orleans in March, and in April they left the Banjo and opened at the Amphitheatre, that city. C. Young, M. B. Jefferson, and G. H. Cushing added to the party.

WOODRUFF & FOSTER’S MINSTRELS: In 1858, Tim Woodruff and N. Footer had a band on the road in Cincinnati. They opened at the New Museum (late Western Museum) in October with Barber, Woodruff, Sutton, West, Shelton, Richardson, and Howe. They soon after were known as TIM WOODRUFF’S MINSTRELS.

WORLD RENOWNED AND FAR FAMED NEW ORLEANS MINSTRELS: was the title of a party playing at Otto Cottage Garden Theatre, Hoboken, N. J., in July, 1860, and consisted of W. C. McCall, T. McAnally and others.

WRIGHT’S (BILLY) MINSTRELS: were organized for the summer season of 1876. Eph Horn Jr., Al Hulmes, Ad Collins, Billy Brown and others were in the party. They opened in June at Rihl’s Hall at the extreme southern section of the city of Philadelphia.

WYATT’S MINSTRELS: was organized in Boston, Mass., by George W. Wyatt, the well known actor and manager, in March, 1843. The party, after traveling through Massachusetts for a brief time, closed up owing to a quarrel between Jenkins and Diamond (No. 2). The party consisted of A. L. Thayer (banjo), John Diamond (bones), Harry Mestayer (violin), and Charles Jenkins (tambourine). George W. Wyatt, on the night of January 18, 1860, played Phineas Fletcher in “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” at Waterbury, Mass. Soon after the play he complained of faintness and in fifteen minutes was a corpse.

YANKEE HILL’S MINSTRELS: with Yankee Hill as proprietor; Dr. William Valentine, business manager; George Gray, Frank Mumford, George Whiting, and others traveled West in December, 1863.

YANKEE HLLL’S MINSTRELS: were organized in Boston, Mass., in 1854 and visited the principal towns in the East with George Long, Frank Spencer, D. W. Norton, G. W. Buckley, G. Bones Rose, and John Norton.

YOUNG AMERICANS: were organized in Chicago, Ill., July, 1860. H. Henneman, bones; W. Hollister, J. Clark, Albert Henderson; J. H. Bishop, interlocutor; Charles Walker, tenor; Johnny Dunlap, Tony Waters, and Billy Murphy, tambo. They played at Simons’ saloon, Chicago, for four nights, and then went traveling.

YOUNG CAMPBELLS, THE: started in December, 1862, for a trip through the East. They consisted of Johnny Duley, Billy Train, F. Brundage, J. D. Lyman, G. Campbell, R. Dana, F. L. Bennett, Harry Stanley, H. Beach, George Havens, H. Kammering, and Master Edwards.


George L. Fox


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William L. Slout and Circus Historical Society, Inc.